tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51053863134833307942024-02-08T03:34:30.262-08:00Lined writing paper pdfTopics Relating To Physical Education Health And Fitness Research Paperthomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-33745427164074882752020-08-25T19:12:00.001-07:002020-08-25T19:12:06.945-07:00Audit Report on Database Security and Performance ManagementReview Report on Database Security and Performance Management Official SUMMARY This report covers an audit of the Security and execution issues, with the regard to the size and limit of the information the board in Organic Cosmetics Ltd. We are running an organization with a complete number of more than 100 workers and huge client base national and worldwide. In outline, we discovered a few lacks in security trustworthiness and execution regarding inquiry advancement and just as zones where enhancements are justified as recorded beneath; 1. No appropriate methodology of lessening Sensitive Data Exposure which will thusly be annihilating to the organization, if not sifted through as quickly as time permits. 2. Insufficiency in the method of identifying Threats from Inside and Outside 3.Deficiency in the method of creating Secure Applications 4. As far as execution enhancement, there is no legitimate lists set up to enhance and accelerate recoveries of inquiries that are taking too long to even think about executing. Points AND OBJECTIVES The fundamental focus on the report is to complete the best possible systems and methods that is ideal to do the better security execution and inquiry advancement for authoritative administration execution. What's more, after a legitimate counsel with specialists and nitty gritty examination we have all that is produces to execute and results changes to these lacks. A portion of our targets are; Reducing Sensitive Data Exposure in Applications by presenting an Oracle Advanced Security information redaction which gives particular, on-the-fly redaction of touchy information in question outcomes before show by applications. Restricting Sensitive Data Exposure When Sharing Data, we have had the option to set up Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting. Lack in the method of creating Secure Applications, we have had the option to source out cutting edge and progressively refined safety efforts presented by prophet Database 12c Real Application Security, which is Oracles cutting edge database approval structure and the industrys most exceptional answer for creating secure applications called Basic Fine Grained Access Control (Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD)) and the Real Application Security (RAS). Execution streamlining, there is no appropriate lists set up to upgrade and accelerate recoveries of inquiries that are taking too long to even think about executing. There should propel type of adaptability which is the capacity of a framework to process more remaining task at hand, with a corresponding increment in framework asset use, there we need to pick a proficient execution system for preparing a question. APPROACH The most ideal method of lessening touchy date presentation is by the Redaction procedure. Redaction is the way toward cleaning out information. Envision a paper archive with specific fields fixed with a dark marker. Prophet Advanced Security information redaction works correspondingly however on application information put away in the database. Since it is upheld inside the database, it is conceivable to reliably redact database sections across various application modules getting to similar information. Information redaction limits changes to applications since it doesn't modify real information in inner database supports, reserves, or capacity, and it saves the first information type and organizing when changed information is come back to the application. Information redaction has no effect on database operational exercises, for example, reinforcement and reestablish, redesign and fix, and high accessibility groups. Since we handle a great deal of huge exchanges OCL, it will be smarter to utilize information redaction to ensure our information are made sure about. The development of creation information significantly expands the hazard to information and builds the general expense of security and consistence. Veiling of information before it is moved from creation kills the danger of information breaks in non-creation conditions by irreversibly supplanting the first delicate information with invented information so information can be securely shared. Utilizing Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting empowers whole duplicates or subsets of use information to be extricated from the database, jumbled, and imparted to accomplices inside and outside of the business. Above all, during the muddling procedure, application uprightness is protected by keeping up information connections across application tables. Prophet Data Masking and Subsetting improves security by decreasing the extent of information presented to accomplice associations. Consistence costs are brought down by narrowing the consistence limit for test and advancement gatherings. The following is a case of information being covered. Rather than four lines in Name and compensation segment the concealing has diminished it the lines and traded the information store in every segment columns. The answer for inadequacy in the method of creating Secure Applications is by receiving the accompanying procedure, which we have had the option to source out. It is a progressed and increasingly complex safety efforts presented by prophet Database 12c Real Application Security, which is Oracles cutting edge database approval system and the industrys most exceptional answer for creating secure applications called Basic Fine Grained Access Control (Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD)) and the Real Application Security(RAS). Prophet Virtual Private Database (VPD), presented in Oracle8i, is generally utilized today to implement fine grained get to control inside applications. It permits application designers to relate a put away PL/SQL program unit with an application table, view, or equivalent. The program unit fires when the application object is gotten to through SQL. The program unit registers a predicate or where proviso that is annexed to the first SQL articulation. Much of the time, the program module will question explicit meta information tables containing data on client jobs and benefits as about each application today has its own one of a kind arrangement of security tables. Another regular methodology utilized with VPD is to introduce an Oracle application setting when another application client is instated inside the application. Genuine Application Security(RAS). Not at all like the essential Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD), Oracle Database 12c Real Application Security (RAS) gives a hearty decisive model that permits engineers to characterize the information security strategy dependent on application clients, jobs and benefits inside the Oracle Database. The new Oracle Database 12c RAS innovation is progressively secure, versatile, and practical than the customary Oracle VPD innovation. Genuine application security gives a definitive interface that permits designers to characterize the information security strategy, application jobs, and application clients without requiring application engineers to make and look after PL/SQLstored methodology. The information security approaches are characterized inside the database part utilizing the Oracle Database 12c RAS API. The consents related with business objects are put away in Access Control Lists (ACLs). Leg tendons are a key part of RAS and store the benefits appointed to principals and control the sort of activities: select, supplement, refresh and erase that can be performed on the articles. These are a portion of the convenience of Real Application Security gives the cutting edge approval design for applications that will be required in Organic Cosmetics Limited (OCL): 1.Uniform Data Security: The RAS Security model permits uniform particular and authorization of access control arrangements on business protests regardless of the entrance way. It beats the restriction of exceptionally assembled approaches that possibly work when an article is gotten to by means of the particular code way that approaches control rationale installed into it. 2. Secure End User Identity Propagation: Application meetings permit the end client personality and related credits to be passed on safely to the database permitting the database to utilize the data for end-client get to control and reviewing. 3. Explanatory and Fine Grained Access Control: RAS strategy segments typify the entrance control necessities of the application as revelatory arrangement on information for application clients, application jobs, and application benefits. With section security, RAS model stretches out approval to the segment level to ensure touchy information, for example, SSN. With help for ace detail, defined, assignment, and exemption based explanatory arrangements, RAS meets the genuine organization necessities of uses. At that point for the issuesof execution improvement and fast table openness, there is no legitimate lists set up to enhance and accelerate recoveries of questions that are taking too long to even think about executing. At long last, there is an ordering framework that can be set up to help sort the out availability of records rapidly. Fundamentally there are 3 sorts of list, yet we have picked the Function file. In a capacity list you file an articulation as opposed to a section. Eg assuming you needed to normally recover orders that havent been transported, so no incentive in shipdate. An essential B-tree file couldnt be set up on the grounds that it wouldnt remember nulls for the record, so work based could be utilized: eg: Make INDEX non_shipped_index ON ordâ (NVL(shipdate, invalid)); End AND RECOMMENDATION In light of our discoveries and suggestions I accept on the off chance that we could make acknowledge changes as quickly as time permits we can have the option to sort the lack issues in our database the board framework and furthermore to improve our administrations. 1.4 REFERENCES WHITEPAPER, O. (2015) Oracle Database 12c Security and Compliance. Accessible at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/security/security-consistence wp-12c-1896112.pdf (Accessed: 08 February 2017). thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-64432509827922954892020-08-22T05:32:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:32:06.366-07:00Gangs in Prison Essay ExamplePacks in Prison Paper Packs in Prison The Aryan Brotherhood The Aryan Brotherhood begins in the CDC (California Department of Corrections) and BOP (Federal Bureau of Prisons). The Aryan Brotherhood was established in San Quentin, California during the 1960s. The originators were individuals from different groups from the 1950s called, ââ¬Å"Bluebirdsâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Diamond Tooth Gangâ⬠, and the ââ¬Å"Nazi Gangâ⬠. Barry Mills and Tyler Davis are currently the pioneers of the Aryan Brotherhood. Their fundamental convictions and crucial they put stock in the improvement and safeguarding of the white race, in dissent, that no outsider should lead over the white race, that all who are against or abuse the white race are sworn adversaries, in the privileges of the white race, morally justified to show white offspring of the Aryan societies and legacy, accept just in the help of the white race, and that it is essential to control the childhood of white youngsters, as they are the beneficiaries to what's to come. The Aryan Brotherhood is known to be most grounded in the southwest and pacific areas. We will compose a custom paper test on Gangs in Prison explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Gangs in Prison explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Gangs in Prison explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They are most fragile in northeastern districts, where the African-American populace is progressively prevailing. It has been expressed that the Aryan Brotherhood is developing. Starting at now, there are around 500 individuals. The crimes that they are associated with are murder, hijacking, racketeering, and medication conveyance. At any rate one case of how risky it is in jail for these individuals is the ABT pioneer Kelly Ray Ellery and different individuals requested subordinates to murder an imminent part and make it ââ¬Å"messy as possibleâ⬠to make an impression on pack individuals to help out law implementation. They additionally requested to restore the manââ¬â¢s cut off finger as a trophy. The Black Guerilla Family The Black Guerilla family started from San Quentin Prison in 1966. The authors of this group are George Jackson and W. L. Nolen. Their fundamental convictions and mission is to annihilate bigotry, keep up pride in jail and oust the United States Government. They are most grounded in San Quentin, CA and Baltimore, Maryland. They are most fragile in the southwestern and Pacific locales. Their positions are developing, they have 50,000 individuals today. The crimes they are associated with while in jail are medicate dealing, blackmail, and vicious wrongdoings. One case of how hazardous it very well may be in jail is the preeminent authority, ââ¬Å"Docâ⬠Holiday, demonstrated he despite everything had the stuff to be operating at a profit Guerilla Family by wounding an arbitrary individual detainee to death. The Folk Nation The Folk Nation began from the Illinois Department of Corrections. I might likewise want to take note of that The Folk Nation isn't a posse they are unions which packs are adjusted. Larry Hoover, the executive of the Gangster Disciples Nation, made the possibility of coalition and convinced dark, white, and Latino packs from Chicago to join. He did the entirety of this in November 11, 1978. Under their fundamental convictions and missions, they keep up a severe code of solidarity, with individuals promising to hold ââ¬Å"Folk before familyâ⬠and guaranteeing they will ââ¬Å"not let my sibling tumble to a kneeâ⬠. They are most grounded in the Midwest and southwest; there is no record of where they might be the most vulnerable, in light of the fact that they are everywhere throughout the United States. They are persistently enlisting individuals in the lanes and in detainment facilities, thusly expressing that they are exceptionally predominant and just getting more grounded. The crimes they are generally associated with are racketeering, murder, theft, ambush, and illicit utilization of guns. The Mexican Mafia The Mexican Mafia began in 1957 at Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy, California. Luis ââ¬Å"Huero Buffâ⬠Flores from the Hawaiian Gardens group was the author of The Mexican Mafia. Their fundamental convictions were to control the jail framework. They are most grounded in northern and southern California, however they are in a decrease at this moment. The most clear of crimes of The Mexican Mafia are blackmail (RICO), opiates dissemination, and murder. A case of the threat in the jail framework from the Mexican Mafia is in the 1960ââ¬â¢s, the Mexican Mafia led hits in San Quentin and DVI. Doroteo ââ¬Å"Sleepyâ⬠Betancourt and Frank ââ¬Å"mooseâ⬠Bazure killed a prison guard; just to demonstrate their reality. MS13 The MS13 pack started in Los Angeles in the 1960ââ¬â¢s and the 1980ââ¬â¢s. They didnââ¬â¢t really have only one author; it was a gathering of youthful Salvadorans that severed from other Hispanic packs. Their fundamental convictions are self-insurance and assurance of their families. They are most grounded in Alaska, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah; they are likewise solid in Canada, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and El Salvador. They are most fragile in the East coast. They are neither developing or in decrease, since they do not exist anymore; they are referred to now as the Surenos. Their crimes comprises of medication pirating, firearm running, individuals sneaking, hits for recruit, robbery, tranquilize deals, and illegal conflagration. A guide to delineate how perilous they are is in an ongoing Texas occurrence, an individual from MS13(Surenos) took an interest in an assault of a 24-year-elderly person and afterward he kicked her in the neck so hard that he broke it and murdered her in a split second. All in all, I saw that they all had similitudes in crime. The entirety of their convictions were altogether different with the exception of a certain something, they all centered more around their own races of individuals. I additionally saw that everything except the Mexican Mafia are developing in populace. I likewise understood that the most grounded and most hazardous group on the planet is MS13 otherwise known as Surenos. In spite of the fact that the other jail packs are developing in danger level and populace; MS13 otherwise known as Surenos is the biggest composed wrongdoing substance on the planet. In this, taking everything into account, these jail groups really share much more practically speaking than what they might suspect they do. The main thing that is truly isolating them is their racial convictions. References: History of the Mexican Mafia jail pack; July 25th, 2007; Valdemar, Richard; www. policemag. com Ten individuals from Bronx sedate dealing team charged; Jan. ninth, 2013; U. S. Attorneyââ¬â¢s office; www. fbi. gov The Aryan Brotherhood; Montaldo, Charles; Jan. 2013; www. wrongdoing. about. com Ebook: Corrections Today; Chapter 8 The Prison Experience(males) thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-32529839326237558942020-08-08T05:02:00.001-07:002020-08-08T05:02:03.731-07:00Start of Something NewStart of Something New More than a month ago, I stepped drowsily off a Southwest Airlines flight, lugged my two massive suitcases into a relativeâs waiting car, and stared out the window, as trees, jaywalkers, and Starbucks stores passed by. After what seemed like forever, I arrived on the MIT campus, duly deposited my belongings in McCormick Hall, and proceeded to video-chat excessively with friends Iâd already begun to miss. I havenât had much time for video-chatting since then. Instead, Iâve walked all over Boston with my pre-orientation group, spent several minutes trying to pick flawless apples at Honey Pot Hill orchards, fallen in love with my roommateâs gummy bear vitamins, discovered the necessary evil of laundry, watched the sun set in the McCormick penthouse, attempted to create edible meals, and lost sleep over p-sets, late-night movies, and spontaneous midnight dance parties made possible by Jay Sean. Iâve learned a couple things. Like how leaving your entire p-set untouched till the night before itâs due is clearly not a wise decision. And how the many incredible events at MIT all somehow schedule themselves at the same time and cause tangible sensations of grief and I-wish-I-had-Hermioneâs-time-turner yearning. And how old habits die hard: all efforts to convince my body to forgo its established biorhythms and allow me to sleep in when possible have failed emphatically. These past few weeks, Iâve made these small discoveries and others on my own. But now that the other â13s (plus Celena!) and I are on the blogs, itâs time that you all joined in on our various escapades. Tell me what you want to hear about or see, ask me questions, buy me tickets to the October 26 Jay Sean concert (hehe, just kidding about the last one). Whatever it is, Iâm here for you! As time goes on, Iâll share more of my admissions story, my interests, my dreams. For now, I just want to say hi. And welcome to my world. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-55240178745492212542020-05-23T12:17:00.001-07:002020-05-23T12:17:03.064-07:00How does fire frequency influence tree species diversity in the boreal forest Free Essay Example, 1500 words The continuous interaction that takes place between fire weather and vegetation greatly contributes to the community of species that thrives in the systems. Shifts in the communities of vegetation are expected to occur as a result of the successful migration of propagules that are reacting to the changing bioclimatic envelopes but at a slow pace (Krawchuk, Cumming & Flannigan, 2009). This also research wishes to identify the species that are able to survive after the forest has been affected by the fires and how long the ones that regenerate themselves take before they can go back to their original states. Research question How does fire frequency influence tree species diversity in the boreal forest? Hypothesis and predictions The frequency of the occurrence of the fire in the forest shows a relationship with the diversity of the species that exist in the forest. When the fires post an increased rate of occurrence making them take place more frequently mainly as a result of climate change, then there is a significant decrease in the diversity of the trees that will thrive in the forest. This is because the fire acts as a natural disturbance which goes a long way in harming or consequently killing the trees that exist in the forest. It can predicted that if the frequency of the fires is higher as a result of the climate getting warmer, then the fires will generally be of a high intensity which will burn and ultimately destroy the species of trees that are in the forest. We will write a custom essay sample on How does fire frequency influence tree species diversity in the boreal forest or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The effect of this will be a reduction in the number of species that are in the forest since after being burnt, there are some that will not be able to regenerate. On the other hand, if the frequency of the fires that are occurring in the forest is low, then the characteristics of the fires will significantly change. This will mean that the fires will be less intense compared to the contrasting scenario and therefore there will be more likelihood of more species surviving leading to a more diverse forest in terms of the species of trees that thrive there. Methodology and Experimental design To understand the effects that result from frequent fires that are experienced in the Boreal forest on the diversity of the tree species that exists there, a factorial experiment will be designed with three variables: climate, which will feature the current one and the one that is expected in the future, the occurrence of fire which will feature the frequency now and the frequency that will be experienced in the future and the diversity of the species which will also feature the species that exist now and those that are expected. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-17524502485649325982020-05-12T07:25:00.001-07:002020-05-12T07:25:04.676-07:00Organizational Diversity At The Workplace - 1355 Words Organizational Diversity in the Workplace I. Introduction: Today, more and more organizations are moving towards the analysis of how to implement diversity as a core value. For an organization to hold people accountable for diversity expectations, leaders must implement, have a clear understanding, and practice diversity policies and procedures (Williams, 2013). By outlining a foundation together with a lateral approach leaders can encourage diversity understanding (Williams, 2013). Knowledgeable leaders are able to make certain that people are being held accountable for diversity violations and ensure that organizations are doing business that reflects its core values (Williams, 2013). The changes and demands of todayââ¬â¢s organizations require leaders to be more aware of diversity issues. Immediately addressing diversity issues allows cooperationââ¬â¢s to be more productive and competitive (Kotter, 1980). However, without this awareness and much needed skill leaders run the risk of being overwhelmed by the organization which could cause power struggles that result in reduced initiative, innovation, and morale (Kotter, 1980). Most managerial, technical, and professional jobs have experienced an increase of diversity among people within organizations. Strong power and influence leadership skills are needed due to this increase of diversity (Kotter, 1980). As organizations of all kinds engage with issues of diversity and inclusion, they must frequently create new strategies thatShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Its Impact On Diversity975 Words à |à 4 PagesDiversity Diversity represents the ââ¬Å"multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among peopleâ⬠(Kinicki Kreitner, 2013). It pertains to the host of individual differences that make all of us unique and different from one another. Diversity in an organization continues beyond hiring employees of numerous backgrounds, but involves embracing and empowering all minorities. Thankfully, globalization and strategic alliances have transformed business economies drastically to set upRead MoreDiversity, Diversity And Culture Is The Most Important Strategy That Needs Be Address?1179 Words à |à 5 PagesIn international business the topics of diversity and culture is one the most important strategy that needs be address. Making the decision to outsource for profit gain will not necessarily happen if preparation of cultural change is not in place first. What is values and a norms in a companyââ¬â¢s country may be offensive to other social groups of people. For example, in Germany lack of attention to diversity and culture had a serious impacts on Walmartââ¬â¢s position. It build frustrations to both theRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace964 Words à |à 4 PagesRunning head: DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Abstract Select (highlight) this text and then begin typing your abstract, which should be limited to one paragraph of not more than 120 words A Survey of Organizational Culture and its Effectiveness on Managing Diversity in the Workplace Diversity in the workplace is a relatively new concept that has been attracting considerable attention from the executives of most businesses. ââ¬Å"Ongoing demographic trends (increasing percentages of African-AmericansRead MoreWorkplace Diversity : The Visible Or Invisible Differences Among Employees Of An Organization1653 Words à |à 7 PagesWorkforce Diversity defines the visible or invisible differences among employees of an organization and could be divided in to three major components such as Primary, Secondary and Organizational and Community. Factors such as Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Ethnicity represents Primary while Appearance, Educational Background, Marital Status, Work experience represents Secondary and Job position, Specialization, Nationality, Life stage represents Organizational and Community. In recent years, organizationsRead MoreWhy A Diverse Workplace Matters?1093 Words à |à 5 Pagesvarious scholars has found that a diverse workplace, if managed properly, can do wonders for the success of an organization. Diversity means differences due to race, gender, ethnic groups, age, personality, tenure, organizational function, educational background, etc. Diversity involves how people perceive themselves and how they perceive others. These perceptions affect their interactions. Why a diverse workplace matters? / Benefits of workplace diversity An organizationââ¬â¢s success and competitivenessRead MoreApplying Organizational Behavior Theory? Essay1280 Words à |à 6 PagesApplying Organizational Behavior Theory Ahmed Salman Argosy University September, 23, 2015 Applying Organizational Behavior Theory Introduction Organizational behavior entails the study of individual and also group performance and their interactions and ability to work in groups. It aims at identifying major problems that affects performance within the teams to work together, in a bid to develop a more efficient business operation (Hiriyappa, 2009). It relies heavily on organizational culturesRead MoreMultiformity in the Workplace Essay example659 Words à |à 3 Pages INTRODUCTION Diversity is defined as a multi-dimensional mixture of people who vary by age, gender, race, religion, or life-style. Workplace diversity refers to variety and multiformity in the workplace. This multiformity can be driven in numerous ways; demographic composition of geographical location, an aging population, increasing presence of women in the workplace to mention a few. In this paper we examine how diversity can be manages using operant and social learning practices to reduce theRead MoreValue of Diversity Paper1213 Words à |à 5 PagesRunning head: VALUE OF DIVERSITY PAPER Value of Diversity Paper Cultural Diversity SOC/315 Value of Diversity in the Workplace In companies or corporations the global landscape now reflects diversity in the employees found in the workplace. Employees come from different backgrounds, geographic or global areas, ethnic and cultural origins, and have unique skills and talents. Individuals must work together and merge skills and manage diversity effectively in the workplace. Our thoughts, actionsRead MoreManaging Workforce Diversity: Principles of Management643 Words à |à 3 PagesManaging workforce diversity: Principles of management Workforce diversity can be an organizations greatest strength provided it is managed correctly. Diversity can generate organizational value. Workers of diverse backgrounds can provide input to management about how to cope with the challenges of the global marketplace. A Japanese-American employee can provide advice about to deal with a client from the Far East; a female employee can offer her input about how to market a new product to sparkRead MoreEssay Workplace Diversity1577 Words à |à 7 PagesDiversity is the uniqueness which every employee brings to the workplace in an organization or establishment. Examples of differences include nationality, belief, disabilities, physical appearance, race, gender, age, educational background, sexual orientation, and work experience, social and family status. At the workplace, valuing diversity means creating a work environment that respects and includes individual variation by maximizing the potential of all employees or in which every em ployee feels thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-67073868976030580432020-05-06T12:03:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:03:49.823-07:00How Cavemen Lived Free Essays How cavemen lived By: Ausha Champ Here are a few of the reasons cavemen wrote on the walls of there caves. One is how to kill or catch certain pray. So they could have the meat for pray and hide for quilt. We will write a custom essay sample on How Cavemen Lived or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way to tell how many people in there crew died. They would trace there hand and color it in brown or black and trace the other hand in white. The color represents the living and the white represents the dead. Hares a good question, Why do cavemen draw animals on the wall of their caves? Hares the answer, they were inspired by the animals and the drew pictures to tell stories about them. Did you know that a fool hand meant positiveness? And a hand with the thumb, pinkie, and ring finger meant negativeness. The way you can find this out is go to google and type in the stone age. I have been wondering this whole time what did cavemen do if they broke a bone. What they did is they would pop it back into place and rape hide around it. Then they would not walk anywhere if it was a leg, and would not move their arm, if it was the arm that was broken. Did you know that cavemen had a lot more sicknesses then use? So if they got sick they wanted to stay away from others, so they didnââ¬â¢t get any one else sick. And yes it was that serious, and no I am not going crazy. Do you think cavemen were anymore health then use today, because of their diets? Actually we are more health, because our food it actually processed. You see cavemen didnââ¬â¢t have any processed food, unlike we do today . They did not have the technology to have processed food. Did cavemen have shoes? Well I donââ¬â¢t know for sure, but im pretty sure they would be smart enough to protect their feet, cavemen werenââ¬â¢t dumb. So that is what I found on cavemen, but I will fine out more in my social study book. How to cite How Cavemen Lived, Essay examples thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-87320208601289568382020-05-01T21:28:00.001-07:002020-05-01T21:28:03.317-07:00Water Sustainability Australia United Arabs ââ¬Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Water Sustainability Australia United Arabs? Answer: Introducation Sustainable development is a goal that challenges the way of thinking traditionally and needs alternative solutions and approaches that balances the economic, environmental and social interest. Therefore, this report concentrated on the making a contrasting and compression for the scarcity of clean water and energy between United Arab Emirates and Australia concerning availability of domestic resources, and scientific research in both countries, action taken by private sectors and NGOs sample projects and also accessibility of the incentives for both countries. Energy in Australia. Australia produces energy for both export and consumption. Historically, Australia was producing more natural gas and coal but because of increasing global warming effects and climate change that was induced by the human on the global environment, there has been a shift to the sustainable use of the energy. Sustainability of energy in Australia deals with the efforts made to expand and quantify the renewable energies which comprise thermal energy, transport fuel and electricity(Carol Howe, 2012, p. 158). Government regulations towards the sustainability of energy in Australia The development of sustainable use of energy in Australia has been encouraged by the policies of the government concerning the energy, they were implemented in response to the issues of climate change, economic stimulus and energy independence; The policy includes the mandatory renewable energy target schemes at state level and commonwealth level; Carbon pricing: government implemented carbon price of $23 per tonne in 2012 paid by three hundred liable individuals representing the highest emitters of business in Australia. It was expected that by the increase of the carbon and electricity price, the investors will be encouraged to use cleaner and renewable sources of energy like wind power and solar(Felix Dodds, 2016, p. 214). Scientific and technological innovations in the Australia The technology of the solar photovoltaic generates electricity from sunlight and can be used in their off-grid application and on grid connection. Australia has also developed world leading solar thermal technology. They also manufactured solar water heater, by installing this, it saves more energy and also reduces carbon dioxide emissions. Biomass can also be used to generate electricity(Lee, 2013, p. 169). Actions of non-governmental and private sectors In BP solar company, it has been involved in the production, storage and developed the use of energy sustainably. They deal with the commercialization of the cycle of long life deep lead-acid battery which enhances the storage of energy for the use in the remote area. Edwards is an organization that is producing hot water system for both commercial and domestic purposes. Pacific Hydro is the Australian company that specializes in the generation of electricity and energy sustainably by using renewable sources of energy(Marian Keeler, 2012, p. 189). Energy sustainability in the United Arabs Emirates Energy efficiency is becoming a challenge in the United Arabs Emirates because of the economic activates the growth of population and high rates of consumption that are not sustainable in the long term. To address the following issues, the working group of energy worked on how energy can be used sustainable. It was realized that the straightforward measure of slowing consumption of energy is the strategy of sustained efficient energy. Such strategies can reduce the consumption Government regulations for the energy sustainability in the United Arabs Emirates(Negewo, 2013, p. 170) The government has developed and implemented the strategies for the energy efficiency. Also, they have developed regulations that are detailed that dictate the efficiency of energy. The UAE also has already much building that is designs constructed and approved for sustainability of energy through a program called estidama. The UAE ensures that the regulations give the mechanisms for enforcement to intervene different sectors of energy through both incentives and penalties. The government has supported the campaign and creation of awareness through allocation of finance and budgets(Negewo, 2013, p. 187) Water sustainability in Australia Water is a very vital aspect on the earth. It is a resource that is sustaining environment, society and economy of Australia. Many factors such as degradation of the environment, variability and climate change, population growth, pollution and land use are examples of the factors that influence water resource in Australia. It was then decided in the Australia that water should be used sustainably through the creation of technologies and scientific research, government regulations, some project and also non-governmental and private sectors took the actions(PediaPress, 2014, p. 187). The department of environment and water in Australia is also committed to the implementing the policies that contribute sustainability outcomes. The department creates awareness and gives support and advice for the sustainable practices in industries, community and government sectors. The community groups and individuals have also taken the challenge of adopting and promoting practices aimed at contributing sustainability of water throughout the state(PediaPress, 2014, p. 215). Projects and technologies put in place for water sustainability in Australia The national water conservation rating and labelling schemes for plumbing fitting and appliances help the customer to choose the best water appliances and also act as incentives and guide all of those involved in the use and develop the efficient appliances of water. There is a national program called the water-wise Australia, this program aim is to encourage the use of water wisely by the community through the strategies of promotional and educational across water industries, water utilities, and local state and organization(Nations, 2013, p. 216). Government regulations on water sustainability in Australia Measures of water conservation developed by the government agencies in Australia include installing the devices that save water, conduction the water use audits and also encouraging people to reduce the consumption of water, the government also encourages the recycling of water, water harvesting and storage, and also companies that use more water are under license(Thiele, 2014, p. 149). Water sustainability in the United Arabs Emirates The United Arabs Emirates face challenges of the water management like scarcity of reserves of groundwater, a high cost of drinking water production, and collection and treatment of wastewater. This country has highest rates of consumption of water in the world which is used in both the public and private sectors as a raw material or for human consumption. The government is working on these issues to ensure that there is water sustainability in the country through putting in place many mechanisms to make water to be more available for human consumption and for companies(Thiele, 2014, p. 247). Government regulation for water sustainability in United Arabs Emirate The government is educating youths, investing in new technologies to store water in aquifers and also to produce efficient desalinated water. The government is also taking some measures to get alternative efficient ways to produce drinking water. The government has also cut the subsidies to the water and power sector to reduce their consumption(Vladimir Novotny, 2011, p. 176). Projects and technologies that encourage water sustainability in the United Arabs Emirates In the sector of wastewater, the project taken by the sewage water company was the collection and treatment of wastewater from the residential that are discharged; their objective is to increase wastewater catchment and treatment. Also, the authority of water and Electricity Company has also started working by installing transmission water network that will boost the flow of water and meets its future and current water demands(UNESCO, 2012, p. 184). Turning air to water: the hot climate of UAE which is highly humid and warm through the year gives the opportunity to produce the source of water that is reliable through the mechanisms of atmospheric water generation. Other examples of the projects being undertaken by the UAE are the desalinization without fossil fuels, flying by the fossil fuel from plants that are salt tolerant and new models of business for clean energy. Comparison between the actions taken by UAE and Australia on energy and water sustainability The actions taken by the UAE on energy and water sustainability include the production of water from the air, the invention of technologies dealing with desalinization of wastewater, and regulations that are detailed that dictates the efficiency of energy. The actions taken by the Australia on energy and water sustainability is through the agency of commonwealth in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries of Australia which coordinates the growth of strategies of national water conservation in partnership with the key agencies, industry groups, experts and also territories(Rob Cross, 2014, p. 159). The strategies developed by these two countries are different; however, the strategies put in place by the Australian government have proved to be more effective since they are targeted to minimizing the use of water and energy through focusing on alternative resources which can be used to minimize the use of energy and water. Conclusion This report is about the water and energy sustainability in both United Arabs Emirates and the Australia. Sustainable development is a goal that challenges the way of thinking traditionally and needs alternative solutions and approaches that balances the economic, environmental and social interest. The sustainability of water and energy issues in both the two countries have been discussed exclusively together with the strategies put in place by each of the governments to ensure the sustainability of water and energy resources. References Carol Howe, C. M., 2012. Water Sensitive Cities. Australia: IWA Publishing. Felix Dodds, J. B., 2016. The Water, Food, Energy and Climate Nexus: Challenges and an Agenda for Action. Michigan: Routledge. Kristiina Vogt, T. P.-W. M. S. D. J. V. J. C. G. C. M. A. S. S. P. A. R., 2011. Sustainability Unpacked: Food, Energy and Water for Resilient Environments and Societies. Michigan: Routledge. Lee, S. H., 2013. Sustainability in Energy and Buildings: Proceedings of the International Conference in Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (SEB09). New York: Springer Science Business Media. Marian Keeler, B. B., 2012. Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building. Toledo: John Wiley Sons. Nations, U., 2013. Commission on Sustainable Development: Report on the Fourteenth Session (22 April 2005 and 1-12 May 2006). Colorado: United Nations Publications. Negewo, B. D., 2013. Renewable Energy Desalination: An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa. Colorado: World Bank Publications. PediaPress, 2014. Sustainability. China: PediaPress. Rob Cross, R. S., 2014. Sustainable Gardens. Chicago: Csiro Publishing. Thiele, L. P., 2014. Sustainability. New York: John Wiley Sons. UNESCO, 2012. Free flow: Reaching Water Security through Cooperation. London: UNESCO. Vladimir Novotny, J. A. P. B., 2011. Water Centric Sustainable Communities: Planning, Retrofitting and Building the Next Urban Environment. Paris: John Wiley Sons. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-88451905041431735432020-03-22T03:30:00.001-07:002020-03-22T03:30:03.352-07:00Gain Sharing Essay Research Paper Gain SharingEmployers free essay sample Gain Sharing Essay, Research Paper Addition Sharing Employers are frequently faced with the challenge of looking for ways to hike productiveness and profitableness while at the same clip, actuating employees to carry through organisational ends. For many employers, variable wage programs have risen to run into this challenge. A variable wage program ties pay additions to increased public presentation and productiveness. One of the more popular group variable wage programs is called addition sharing. Under addition sharing wage plans, both the employer and the employee benefit from increased productiveness. Therefore, addition sharing has frequently been referred to as a win-win wage plan since it is an inducement scheme that ties wage to productiveness. Gain sharing is a type of inducement program designed to increase productiveness by associating wage straight to specific betterments in a company s public presentation. Gain sharing is used chiefly when quantitative degrees of production are of import steps of concern success. We will write a custom essay sample on Gain Sharing Essay Research Paper Gain SharingEmployers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Additions are shared with unit/department employees on a monthly, quarterly, biannual or one-year footing harmonizing to some predetermined expression calculated on the value of additions of production over labour and other costs. The program lets employees harvest some of the wagess of their attempts through teamwork and cooperation and by working smarter and harder. Derive sharing programs offer the followers: + Directly ties pay to some of import step of company public presentation + Results in productiveness betterments when installed + Appropriate for all groups of employees + Improves communications and teamwork among employees + Increases employee consciousness of # 8220 ; the large image # 8221 ; + Improves occupation satisfaction and employee dealingss + Increases employee engagement through engagement in the system Gain sharing wage plans have the undermentioned disadvantages: + Time devouring to plan, implement and administer + Requires employee orientation, instruction and preparation + Accurate and timely production and cost informations must be available + If non already in topographic point, addition sharing requires a displacement to participative direction and employee engagement Once you decide to add a addition sharing program to your company you must pick the type of program you wish to implement into your company. The followers is a description of different types of programs a company could implement. A Value Added Plan is the cost of stuffs and services is subtracted from gross revenues to find a value added figure. Employee costs are so compared to this figure to get at a value added index. This index is compared to value added for future periods to find if there has been an betterment in productiveness. To the extent that employee costs are less than would be the instance by using a value added index to a value added, there is a productiveness addition to be shared. A major challenge with this type of program is taking the effects of mechanization from productiveness additions. The Rucker Plan, basically, this is a value added program that contains particular accommodations to account for base pay and other monetary value alterations, capital outgos, a nd other costs unrelated to em ployee productiveness. The Scanlon Plan is one of the more familiar addition sharing programs. It involves ciphering entire paysheet costs and spliting by gross revenues plus finished stock list figures to find a program ratio. Employee portions of productiveness additions are determined by betterments of this ratio. The Improshare program tells that increased productiveness is determined by looking at the figure of working hours that are saved in bring forthing a figure of finished units in a given period of clip as compared to a basal period. Its advocates emphasis that this step leads to less waste and better quality control since merely finished merchandises are used in mensurating the additions. The following is the Par Plan. This program goes beyond other addition sharing programs by honoring any successful attempt to better productiveness. It does non individual out additions entirely from a productiveness betterment point of view. A ââ¬Å"parâ⬠figure is determined base d on all fabrication costs compared to gross revenues. Any betterment in this ratio determines the addition to be shared. The Gallway Plan gives employee inducements. The inducements under this program are based entirely on decrease in labour costs. The labour value of each merchandise is determined and becomes a footing for finding the addition in productiveness that is shared with employees. The first measure in planing a addition sharing plan is to find what is to be accomplished by establishing a addition sharing program. Is the aim to better productiveness? To cut down costs? To keep or increase market portion? Is the aim to better organisational communicating, employee dealingss or to advance employee engagement in the organisation? Is the nonsubjective to replace a compensation construction that no longer reinforces organisational ends such as improved merchandise quality or client service? The following phase is to find how employees will be grouped under the plan. Will employees be grouped by geographic location, merchandise or service line, organisational group, payroll class or other employee features? However the group is defined, it is of import that it be self-contained and able to work as a # 8220 ; team. # 8221 ; The 3rd measure in developing a addition sharing program is to find what steps of public presentation are necessary to run into the declared aim s of the addition sharing program. Measurements may be fiscal, operational or a combination of fiscal and operational. The 4th measure in developing a addition sharing program is to plan the cardinal elements of the plan. Key issues at this phase include how make you mensurate productiveness steps and award fillips, managing fluctuations in public presentation, and apportioning or sharing the additions. After the program has been developed and administrative issues addressed, the following measure is to implement the program and acquire employees actively involved in a squad attack to public presentation betterment. This measure might be accomplished by utilizing formal or informal suggestion systems, quality circles, developing Sessionss or put managed work groups with regular meetings. The concluding measure after the program is implemented is to guarantee that it stays current with the development of the organisation. During this stage of the procedure, a clear statement of progr am paperss sketching conditions under which the program may be suspended, terminated or modified should be developed. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-79358986981403301212020-03-05T17:55:00.001-08:002020-03-05T17:55:03.539-08:00Unity in Paragraphs and EssaysUnity in Paragraphs and Essays In composition, unity is the quality of oneness in a paragraph or essay that results when all the words and sentences contribute to a single effect or main idea; also called wholeness. For the past two centuries, composition handbooks have insisted that unity is an essential characteristic of an effective text. Professor Andy Crockett points out that the five-paragraph theme andà current-traditional rhetorics emphasis on method reflect further the expediency and utility of unity. However, Crockett also notes that for rhetoricians, the achievement of unity has never been taken for granted (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996.) Pronunciation YOO-ni-tee Etymology From the Latin, one. Observations Most pieces of effective writing are unified around one main point. That is, all the subpoints andà supporting details are relevant to that point. Generally, after you have read an essay, you can sum up the writers main point in a sentence, even if the author has not stated it explicitly. We call this summary statement a thesis. (X. J. Kennedy, Dorothy M. Kennedy, and Marcia F. Muth, The Bedford Guide for College Writers, 8th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2008)Unity and CoherenceA good check on unity is to ask yourself if everything in your paragraph or essay is subordinate to and derived from the controlling idea. Make sure that your controlling idea- the topic sentence or thesis- indicates the subject and the focus on that subject...ââ¬â¹ (Lee Brandon and Kelly Brandon, Paragraphs and Essays With Integrated Readings, 12th ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Rules of Thumb for Writing Unified Paragraphs Be sure your paragraphs focus on one idea and state that idea in a topic sentence.Place your topic sentence effectively within your paragraph. Let the purpose of your paragraph and the nature of your evidence guide you.Let your paragraphs evidence- the selected details, the examples- illustrate or clarify the idea expressed in your topic sentence.Make sure you explain the relationship between your evidence and your idea so that it is clear to readers.Think about unity among paragraphs when writing essays. Be sure your paragraphs are related, that they fit together and clarify your essays idea.ââ¬â¹ (R. DiYanni, Scribner Handbook for Writers. Allyn Bacon, 2001) A Note on Topic Sentences Paragraphs may not have a topic sentence, but they must have unity and purpose. All the ideas in a paragraph should relate to a clear point readers will easily understand. (Mark Connelly, Get Writing: Paragraphs and Essays. Thomson Wadsworth, 2009) Counterviews on Unity Unity is the shallowest, the cheapest deception of all composition... Every piece of writing, it matters not what it is, has unity. Inexpert or bad writing most terribly so. But ability in an essay is a multiplicity, infinite fracture, the intercrossing of opposed forces establishing any number of opposed centres of stillness.(William Carlos Williams, An Essay on Virginia, 1925) thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-71982065113089856072020-02-18T09:22:00.001-08:002020-02-18T09:22:03.664-08:00Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example operator of the largest civilian fleet of the world and accordingly employs more than 6, 26,764 staffs in order to ensure successful running of the widely dispersed network (Crew and Brennan, 2015). The paper will explore the organizational structure, different constituents of product and capital markets for the purpose of understanding interaction between both the markets. The main reason behind USPS to maintain their long established and well maintained postal services is the steady internal structure of the organization. The present structure of the organization is designed in such a manner that ensures coordination and conformation of three distinct organizational responsibilities such as: formulating strategic directions, coordinating and carrying out routine operations and providing necessary support for managing other internal functions (Carbaugh and Tenerelli, 2011). The headquarters are delegated to fundamental responsibilities such as strategy determination and formulation of organizational objectives. For monitoring and controlling the daily operations, the organization has assigned Chief Operating Officers (COO) (Baligh, 2006). However, among all such units, decision making and delegation of responsibilities are maintained by the departments residing in the headquarters. This shows a relatively bureaucratic organizational structure. As a result of operating since 1970s, evolution of multiple cross functional departments further complicated the systems of the organization. Therefore, the organizational structure of USPS may be transformed into a functional structure where individual departments will be able to make decisions in order to speed up the pace of service (Carbaugh and Tenerelli, 2011). Such organizational structure will contribute towards minimizing the complexities among departments and accelerating the postal services in the United States (Baligh, 2006). Considering products and services provided by the United States Postal Service, the thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-65616339206473152042020-02-03T19:00:00.001-08:002020-02-03T19:00:02.961-08:00Social contract theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsSocial contract theory - Essay Example Therefore in a political sense, the State is the representation of the means by which a group of individuals relate to each other out of the common will to live with other human beings in the community. Hegel views the State as the agent of true freedom for the individual. The basis of self consciousness in an individual, according to Hegel, lies not in his active thinking actions but in the active desires existing within the individual which are in negation. Hegel views self consciousness as desire and he believes that self consciousness can exist only through sublation in a referent other. The certainty of self and individual existence may be obtained through the gratification of the individualââ¬â¢s desires, however these are conditioned by the other; certainty exists only through the cancellation of the other, therefore if a cancellation of the desire is to be effected, there must be the other. (Hegel, 1967). Therefore Hegel does not view the individual a splaying a significant role in politics, except as a part of an institution, i.e, the State. The State is the form of inward self-expression of the people in an objective form. The validation of the individual would exist only in the form of recognition attained from others. For example, where individual ownership of property is concerned, such a property would belong to the person only to the extent that it is recognized by others, i.e, by the State. Being thus recognized by others symbolizes the individualââ¬â¢s struggle for recognition. The State in effect represents the subjective will of a collective group of people. Applying Hegelââ¬â¢s views, an individualââ¬â¢s nature is governed by desire and his self consciousness expresses itself in the form of the gratification of desires. However, according to Hegel, such gratification of desires can occur only in the context of some referent other, i.e, individual recognition is dependent upon recognition by others. In thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-15494473759989065532020-01-26T15:24:00.001-08:002020-01-26T15:24:03.963-08:00Responsibilities of the Graduate NurseResponsibilities of the Graduate Nurse Privacy and confidentiality are important aspects of the nursing profession. It is important for the Graduate Nurse to understand and respect the need for patient confidentiality. As healthcare professionals, the nurseââ¬â¢s connection to their patients and colleagues depends on it. Nurses have the ethical responsibility to safeguard the information they obtain whilst caring for a patient. When patients entrust their healthcare and personal information to a nurse, they expect it to be kept confidential (Erickson Millar 2005, p. 1). In most situations, nurses must keep information given to them by patients confidential. However, they are required to report information they receive if they have serious concerns about the clients or someone elseââ¬â¢s safety. It is also important to realise that confidentiality is not to be broken unless it is absolutely necessary. It is not something that nurses take lightly. They want to do what is best for the patient and a decision to break confidentiality only happens after a lot of thought, and should be done in consultation with the relevant supervisor. The nurse should only tell those who absolutely need to know, and this is usually a very small number of professional or relevant authorised people. In all areas of healthcare there will be many personal things that as a nurse we will learn about the people that they care for. A nurse will be privy to information regarding a person health, family, social history, personal needs and financial affairs. All of this information is to be regarded as confidential unless consent for the disclosure of such information is given by the patient or as stated earlier the nurse deems that there is a danger to the individual or to someone else. Nurses are only permitted to talk about these things at our workplace with other healthcare professionals who care for the same patient. It is also important to note that when nurses talk about a patients personal details that it is done in a respectful way. All individuals have the right to have their details and personal information kept private. There are laws in Australia which state what nurses can and cannot do with confidential information. Discussing confidential information of a patient in your care to other people outside of the workplace may lead to legal action. When a nurse discloses personal information about their patient they are breaking their duty of care to that patient. Confidentiality is seen as an obligation to the provider of information whereas privacy is an obligation to the source of the information. Confidentiality and privacy require that all parties must ensure that information is restricted to those who genuinely need to know, and that those people should only be told as much as they need to know and no more. For example, a healthcare professional may need to know of the medical condition so that they can provide advice, but not of the identities of the patients involved. Every person has the right to equal recognition and protection before the law. Everyone is entitled to equal and effective protection against discrimination, and to enjoy human rights without discrimination. This applies regardless of a personââ¬â¢s age, gender, race, disability, religion, marital status and a range of other personal characteristics. Scenario- An emergency medicine technician (EMT) responded to an emergency call regarding a possible overdose. On arrival, the patient was found unresponsive and transported to the hospital. The EMT later told a friend that she had helped transport the patient to the hospital for treatment of a possible overdose. The EMTââ¬â¢s friend told another nurse about the medical treatment. The EMT then learned that her friend worked with the patient (a nurse at the other hospital). The patient claimed that the EMT had defamed her and violated her privacy by publicizing information regarding her medical condition and making untrue statements including that she had attempted suicide. The patient was awarded $3,000 in compensatory damages and more than $30,000 in legal fees. Casual sharing of personal and health information regarding a nurse is a failure to respect them as a person. Nurses value the keeping of confidential information between friends, colleagues and other authorised individuals. All nurses should expect that our relationships with one another will allow us to trust that particular private information will not be exposed. Exposure of confidential information can lead to low self-esteem if made public. Everyone has secrets that they donââ¬â¢t want to be made public. Nurses need the benefit of confidentiality when seeking health advice or assistance. In order to support confidentiality of nurses private information, there needs to be respect for an individualââ¬â¢s autonomy and their right to privacy, the promise of information remaining confidential and the benefit that the security of confidentially offers us. Graduate nurses have the right to work in an environment that supports and facilitates ethical practice in accordance with the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia (2008) and its interpretive statements. One provision of the code is ââ¬Ënurseââ¬â¢s value to management of informationââ¬â¢. This statement refers to the management and communication of health information. Graduate nurses are entitled to the same moral, professional and legal safeguards as any other person in regards to their personal information. Personal information is any identifying information about a person that is verbal, written or electronic form. This information can relate to physical or mental health, including family health history. (McGowan 2012, p. 61). Factors that may influence confidential and private communication: Communication is the transfer of information between or among people. The practice of nursing utilizes constant communication between the nurse and the patient, the patientââ¬â¢s family, the nurseââ¬â¢s co-workers, supervisors, and many others. Professional relationships Graduate Nurses are required to care for and safeguard the public. They must practice autonomously and be responsible and accountable for safe, compassionate, person-centred, evidenced-based nursing that respects and maintains dignity and human rights. They must show professionalism and integrity and work within recognised professional, ethical and legal frameworks. They must work alongside other healthcare professionals, carers and families including the community. All nurses must use excellent communication and interpersonal skills. Their communication must always be safe, effective, compassionate and respectful. They must communicate effectively using a wide range of strategies and interventions including communication technologies. All nurses must practice autonomously, compassionately, skilfully and safely and must maintain dignity and promote health and wellbeing. They must assess and meet the full range of essential physical and mental health needs of people of all aged who co me into their care. Self-disclosure In nursing there are many boundaries that one must not cross. Self-disclosure is the easiest and most often crossed by nurses today. Self-disclosure refers to the nurse sharing personal information, experiences, feelings, ideas, thoughts and views with their patient. It can be comforting to the patient because it shows that the nurse has an understanding of the patientââ¬â¢s current situation and reinforces that their experience is not unique. Self-disclosure should only be used if it is deemed as helpful to the patient, aimed to benefit the patient and the focus will not remain on the nurse after self-disclosure has occurred. Self-disclosure can be used to promote and encourage patients to express fears, feelings and experiences. It also shows the patient that the nurse trusts them with personal information, making them feel more comfortable therefore reciprocating that trust. In deliberate self-disclosure the nurse intentionally tells the patient information about themselves. The nurse can tell personal experiences and their personal history or they can intentionally tell their feeling about the patient or the situation. This disclosure gives the patient a glimpse of the nurseââ¬â¢s life and likes. The patient did not ask to see these things; they were the nurseââ¬â¢s decision. Also information that the nurse posts online are another form of deliberate self-disclosure. Scenario- You are the nurse on a surgical unit preparing a woman who is undergoing a mastectomy. She is very upset and says that she feels alone. She is afraid she will no longer be attractive and she may even die. You are the same age as the patient and have also had a mastectomy. You are now healthy and work full time. You remember the challenges you faced when you were diagnoses and wonder if it would be helpful to share your experience with your patient. It is generally not appropriate to disclose personal information to patients. However, after careful consideration it may be appropriate for you to disclose a limited amount of information to the patient. You would firstly acknowledge the patients fears and then explore her grief and focus on her needs. It may then become apparent that it is appropriate to disclose a limited amount of information about your past experiences. The disclosure of personal information provides information, support and hope for the patient. Eg./ in relation to the patient feeling alone, the nurse may refer to a time when she also felt alone. The nurse would then offer information regarding a support group that helped the nurse and other patients in the same situation. Unavoidable self-disclosure is another type of disclosure that a nurse does not have much control over. Pregnancy is something that is disclosed at a certain point, whether the nurse wants to disclose it or not. A physical disability is also hard to hide whether it is a limp or a brace, as these are things that can be seen. A wedding ring or lack of ring show a patient if the nurse may be married. These forms of personal expression are outward expressions that are left to the patient to interpret. Another unavoidable self-disclosure is if a patient sees the nurse at an outside establishment such as a restaurant or the mall. This inadvertent disclosure sheds light on the nurseââ¬â¢s personal life and choices. Accidental self-disclosure occurs when the nurse discloses something by mistake. A nurseââ¬â¢s facial expression or subtle response to a patient is a good example of accidental self-disclosure. Emotions can be hard to control even for the most experienced clinician. Positive uses of nurse self-disclosure occur when the nurse uses the disclosure therapeutically. Always think about what you are going to use therapeutically and use good judgment at all times. A nurse talking about healthy lifestyle habits such as diet and exercise that has worked for them is a positive disclosure. The negatives of nurse self-disclosure is the fact that there is too much self-disclosure by the nurse. Therefore the roles can feel reversed and the patient can feel like they must comfort them. Nurse self-disclosure shows the patient and their family that the nurse is unable act in a professional way. Professional boundaries One thing that most nurses encounter daily is a patient asking them a personal question. Whether it is curiosity or uncomfortable silence, patients ask questions. Many nurses find it hard to redirect or reflect these questions, and end up answering them, especially if it is just casual conversation. Nurses need to practice situations like this so they know how to give a patient centered answer. It is the nurses duty and in the patients best interest to divert all conversation to the patient for a successful nurse patient relationship. Patients often ask these harmless questions not realizing that it is not in the best interest for them. Sometimes not answering the questions might make the nurse seem evasive and closed off. Nurses need to practice so their answers to the questions do not offend the patient that is making casual conversation Confidentiality When thinking about privacy and confidentially, it is important that the nurse questions themselves ââ¬Å"what would I want if it was my personal and health information?ââ¬â¢ Scenarios One of your nurse colleagues is expecting and its been decided that you will organize the baby shower. Not having access to co-workers addresses, you only look in the demographics portion of the electronic medical record to obtain this information. You do not look at any clinical information. Would this be OK? Answer: No, even demographic (address, phone number, etc) information is considered protected health information under the privacy regulations and should not be accessed without approval of the patient. You have a very good friend who is a nurse practitioner and is away from the hospital on vacation. While she is out, her breast biopsy results come back. Because she had told you she was having this procedure, you felt it would be the right thing to do out of concern to look up her results and call her with this information. Is this appropriate? Answer: No, just because a colleague chooses to disclose certain portions of her health information with you, it does not mean you have the right to continue and follow up on any related results or findings. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-52664201316705751332020-01-18T11:48:00.001-08:002020-01-18T11:48:03.597-08:00Health Education and Technology EssayAccording to Bastable, ââ¬Å"Technology has had such an impact on workforce training that it has given birth to a new industry and a new set of buzz words that define an Information Age approach to staff education. â⬠(2007, p. 548) Thus, the inclusion of technology early on, as in its integration to education, has been deemed necessary. However, due to the evolution of technology, curriculum design and implementation in the field of health education will undergo a series of changes and modifications. These various changes will be determined based on the outcomes of technological evolution, the perceived potential of technology to change the landscape of health education in the future, and the educational theories, principles, approaches, etc. developed by respected members of the academic institution through research studies. According to Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andusyszyn, ââ¬Å"Curricuralists should gather data about technology and informatics for health care and education, as well as expected developmentsâ⬠(2008, p. 13) Based on pertinent information gathered by academicians, the focal point and foundations of curriculum design are expected to change. Apart from the traditional contents of the curriculum, the scope of curriculum design should be broadened in order to include the ââ¬Å"e-health paradigm of heath careâ⬠(Iwasiw, Goldenberg, & Andrusyszyn, 2008, p. 113), literacy in information technology, health education across disciplines, and health education in the changing world. In addition, due to the impact and contributions of technology to the field of health, allowing the course nursing informatics to become compulsory will help in opening up opportunities for the improvement of curriculum design through the undeviating inclusion of technology and informatics. When we think about it, making nursing informatics compulsory makes the course an important learning area or aspect of health education. Consequently, much needed attention will be diverted to the improvement of the course by making course objectives, contents, instructional processes, and so on, up-to-date. Thus, the quality of health education, due to its appropriateness with current technology, will also improve. Just as curriculum design changes due to the evolution of technology, the implementation of the curriculum during instruction is also expected to change. As Bradshaw and Lowenstein (2006) have discussed, the delivery of the curriculum as influenced not only by traditional concepts in education but also by technology ââ¬Å"require organized and planned educational experiences that are guided to promote lifelong learning as well as individually motivational and experiential learning activities that involve a variety of experiential teaching methodsâ⬠(p. 272). Due to the inclusion of technology in the curriculum, the process of instruction will become more complex such that the assessment of the students and the selection of instructional tools, methods, and approaches are not merely based on student interests, learning capacities, learning content, etc. but also on the kinds of technology that fits the curriculum content. (Bradshaw & Lowenstein, 2006) In terms of the instruction, the instructional process is facilitated by the use of technology. However, when it comes to learning content, the integration of technological concepts become necessary. In addition, the scope of learning content also varies from time to time since available technological tools and devices intended to facilitate heath education and health care processes change over time. For these reasons, diversity and variation should be accepted and acknowledged by academic institutions since the curriculum design and the implementation of the curriculum shall change along with the evolution of technology along the way. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-20787425872774131432020-01-10T08:12:00.001-08:002020-01-10T08:12:03.158-08:00Ethics Of Trial Design Health And Social Care EssayCompare and contrast the rightful outlooks that patients and research topics may hold of the medical professionals they encounter in the clinical and test scenes. What aspects of test design prevent chase of the research topic ââ¬Ës best medical involvement? Be every bit specific as possible. Rights of patients in clinical scenes and the right of research topics in the test scenes Introduction Narratives of patients who have been denied attention or coverage with black and sometimes fatal effects[ I ], together with a series of incidences in the past such as the Washington Post narrative in late 2000[ two ]( of a 1996 medical experiment conducted by Pfizer research workers in Kano[ three ], Nigeria, depicting the slow decease of a 10-year-old miss known merely as Capable 6587-0069 while Pfizer research workers, watched her deceasing without modifying her intervention, following the protocol designed to prove their antibiotic Trovan in kids ) and the ââ¬Å" Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male â⬠[ four ]has led to 1 ) relevant governments taking legislative and oversight involvement in the intervention of patients and the behavior of clinical tests, 2 ) a subdivision of the public naming for confidence that all those involved with patient hospitalization or intervention and clinical tests will put the protection of the rights and public assistance of patients and human topics above all other involvements and 3 ) patients and research topics anticipating and demanding certain rights. There are similarities and unsimilarities in outlooks that patients and research topics may hold of the medical professionals they encounter in the clinical and test scenes. Similarities Areas were similarities exist include ; 1. Rights to information Patients in clinical scenes expect to hold a right to information about their intervention program such as type of intervention and options available and the hazards associated with them, so that they can do informed determinations. Similarly, topics in test scenes expect to be good informed about all facet of a test they are about to inscribe in such as the rights, benefits and hazards. This is usually done via an ââ¬Å" Informed consent â⬠[ V ]mechanism. 2. Rights to decline intervention or medicine As a corollary of the above, patients and capable alike besides have rights to do of import determinations such as refusing, authorising or holding to undergo specific medical intervention or take any medicine or take part in a test. This is possible through the procedure of communicating between a patient and medical practicians ( a.k.a. informed consent[ six ]) , which is non unlike in the instance of topics in test scenes. In both instances the medical practician must obtain informed consent from the person concerned without coercion and incentives, utilizing a linguistic communication that they understand. The cardinal message is that consent is voluntary with freedom non to take part or retreat any clip. 3. Rights to Confidentiality Another country of similarity is the issue of confidentiality. Patients in clinical scenes have the right to speak in private with medical practicians and to hold their wellness attention information protected at all times. Similarly topics in test scenes expect medical practicians to do equal commissariats to protect their privateness and keep the confidentiality of their records. Dissimilarities[ seven ] Areas of contrast in outlooks between patients in clinical scenes and topics in test scenes include ; While patients expect that the result of their relationship with medical practicians will ensue in the proviso of medical attention, clinical tests in topics aim at advancing improved medical attention from cognition gleaned from controlled experimentation. Subjects enter into tests without the chances of holding any medical benefit. These tests are conducted on the footing that the cognition to be gained will be valuable and hence warrant the hazards. On the other manus, patients accept the hazards of medical intercession on the footing of possible medical benefits to their individuals. The medical practician has a fiducial duty to patients in a clinical scene to work in their best medical involvement. On the contrary, because the chief purpose of clinical tests is research, the medical practician in test scene has no fiducial relationship with the topics enrolled in the test. Decision In contrast to Thomas Chalmers place that the pattern of medical specialty is more or less the same thing as carry oning clinical research, because harmonizing to him every practicing physician conducts clinical tests every twenty-four hours as he sees his patients and that ââ¬Å" clinical test â⬠research is nil more than a formalisation of this procedure[ eight ], the similarities and unsimilarities enumerated above prompts one to differ with his positions because the unsimilarities are so important that disregarding them will ensue in non seting in topographic point the right steps to guarantee the best involvement of patients or topics are served in either the pattern of medical specialty or in clinical research. Aspects of test design that prevent chase of the research topic ââ¬Ës best medical involvement In order to reply this inquiry we have to define between healthy and non-healthy voluntaries. The facets of test design that prevent the chase of the non-healthy topic ââ¬Ës best medical involvement during research, is the usage of placebo controls, randomisation, blinding, protocols curtailing intervention flexibleness, and research processs to mensurate survey results during tests.[ nine ]This concerns whether a control group in a test must have the same intercession as the trial arm. For illustration, tests that compared a short class of Retrovir with placebo for the bar of antenatal transmittal of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection generated considerable contention as some participants were intentionally put at hazard.[ x ]These issues are non of concern in surveies utilizing healthy voluntaries. Another aspect common to both healthy and non-healthy topics is in instances were there might be ââ¬Å" Financial Conflicts of Interest In Clinical Research â⬠. Significant fiscal involvements in human topics research can show serious issues and expose topics to hazards[ xi ]. The Task Force on Financial Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research, under the protections of the Association of American Medical Colleges, in their 2001[ xii ]study pointed out that ââ¬Å" chances to gain from research may impact ââ¬â or look to impact ââ¬â a research worker ââ¬Ës judgements about which topics to inscribe, the clinical attention provided to topics, even the proper usage of topics ââ¬Ë confidential wellness information â⬠. ââ¬Å" Fiscal involvements besides threaten scientific unity when they foster existent or evident prejudices in survey design, informations aggregation and analysis, inauspicious event coverage, or the presentation and publication of research f indings â⬠they added. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-54207931477667055572020-01-02T04:35:00.001-08:002020-01-02T04:35:05.924-08:00The Most Famous Poet By William Yeats - 841 Words The Important Isnââ¬â¢t Appreciated (An analysis of Sailing to Byzantium by William Yeats) William Butler Yeats is considered the most famous poet throughout the modernism era. The most memorable writings are considered romantic visionary writings; romantic meaning looking towards that past and visionary looking towards the future. Throughout the twentieth century these ideas were not very popular or even talked about very often. Yeats had a new approach that drew people in and made them realize the idealism of these ideas. Because of this it made William Yeats the most famous poet of the modernism period. Richard Hopkins, a biographer explained this about Yeats, ââ¬Å"I assign Yeats the high praise of having written some the most beautiful poetryâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Every single person goes through life and has completely different experiences then the next person. Not a single person can truly step into someone else s shoes. Throughout Sailing To Byzantium William Yeats explains, ââ¬Å"O sages standing in Godââ¬â¢s holy fire As in the gold mosaic of a wall,â⬠(lines 17-18). By saying this, Yeats alludes to the fact those who a have had to sit on the sideline and watch those around them progress, truly know and can relate to every situation. The knowledge gained from not only participating in the activity, but also watching others do the activity will allow those people to relate to almost every situation. Nadia Goodman wrote an article about ways to give advice, in which she explains, ââ¬Å"Rather, advice comes freighted with implications regarding power and autonomy. This simply means that advice only means something if taken into account and used. Sailing To Byzantium by William Butler Yeats also explains that great art speaks in three different ways; past, present, and future. In this era poetry was very popular and was well accepted. The work of Yeats was well accepted from the beginning of his career. His poetry has a way of speaking to the past, present, and future peo ple. The poetry he wrote outlasted the era and himself to continue on into the 21st century and proceed to be very influential. Yeats explainsShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Life of William Butler Yeats945 Words à |à 4 PagesWilliam Butler Yeats is a famous Irish poet, yet as a student he did not do so well in his Math and English course. During his education, it was known that he did remarkably poor in mathematics and language as student. Is that surprising that a well-known poet, such as William, to be a poet if he did not do well in language? As being a famous poet for what he is known for now, one must expect that he would succeed well in just category. However, not everyone success was built on success. The lifeRead MoreThe Second Coming by William Butler Yeats751 Words à |à 3 PagesWilliam Butler Yeats is considered to be one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century. As stated in an online source, ââ¬Å"he belonged to the protestant, Anglo-Irish minority. 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Yeats: Nationalistic Reflection in His Poetry William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, dramatist, and prose writer who was one of most influential poets of the Twentieth century. His talents were celebrated by scholars and activists and, in 1923, Yeats received the Nobel Prize for literature. Through his poetry, Yeats confronted the reality that felt was Oppression and Heartship for himself and his Irish brethren. 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The image of birds crowns among the imageries of his poetry and is endowed with the poetsââ¬â¢ profound philosophies. The bird as the symbol of soul is a heritage of classical writings. In Golden Bough, Sir James Frazer comments thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-26735258463562366002019-12-25T01:02:00.001-08:002019-12-25T01:02:03.806-08:00A Good Student Is Never An Easy Thing - 1107 Words To be a good student is never an easy thing. Spending restless nights studying and working can definitely wear you down. I always found a love for school, but it never came easy for me. When the workload got too high I would panic and put it off until the last second, or, in some cases, not complete it at all. As I began to get older, my thirst for knowledge began to weaken, and I started to underestimate the privilege and value of my Catholic education. I grew up all my life attending Catholic school and when high school came around, I never considered the consequences that would come from not trying my hardest. My parents explained to me the sacrifices they would have to make to send me to a Catholic high school and that they felt I wasn t motivated enough. The public schooling district where I live is not very strong and the curriculum and teaching staff is subpar. I had many friends from other schools and I always felt that the education I was receiving was always one step ahead. My older brother attended a Catholic high school and went on to college. I admire my brother and it was always just assumed that I would follow in his foot steps. When my parents told me that I had to shadow my local school I was devastated. I realized that I had been slacking and I was determined to make up for it. I began to think of ways to persuade my parents into considering my options. 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It will discuss both the positive and negative side effects of taking these smart pills along with the specific affects/reasons for ingesting them whether they are prescribed or not. Introduction Adderall, a prescription drug, was first developed to treat patients that suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Students and young thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-6362827353289020092019-12-16T20:50:00.001-08:002019-12-16T20:50:03.793-08:00Developmental Analysis Essay - 2754 Words Developmental Analysis Bonita Camacho Liberty University Coun 502 Abstract The field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan is called lifespan development. Lifespan development takes a scientific approach in its study of growth, change, and stability. This development emphases on human development. Developmentalists study the course of development in nonhuman species, the most popular examine growth and change in people. In contrast I will focus on the ways people and myself change and grow during our lives, with the consideration of stability in our live span. Together, these findings suggest that we will go throughâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦One thing is for sure: No recipe for parenting will guarantee a good nights sleep every night or perfect children (Hotelling, 2004). As stated in the article Bowlby (1982) defined attachment as a child being ââ¬Å"strongly disposed to seek proximity to and contact with a specific figure and to do so in certain situation, notably when h e is frightened, tired or illâ⬠. Typically, preferred attachment emerges clearly in the latter part of the 1st year of life, as evidenced by the appearance of separation protest and stranger wariness. Under usual conditions, preferred attachment unfolds gradually over the 1st year of life (Zeanah and Fox, 2004). Preferred attachments to caregivers may develop at any time after infants reach a cognitive age of 7 to 9 months, provided that the new caregivers have sufficient involvement with the child. Thus, young children adopted out of foster care or institutions readily form attachments to their new caregivers (Zeanah and Fox, 2004). Zeanah and Fox (2004) states there are four patterns of attachment, secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized have described individual differences in the organization of an infantââ¬â¢s attachment behaviors with respect to an attachment figure in this procedure. RAD was first introduced into the diagnostic nosologies just over 20 years ago, with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. [DSM-III], American PsychiatricShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Stage Analysis1644 Words à |à 7 PagesDevelopmental Stage Analysis The two clients that I have selected for my analysis are two year old Ben who is beginning the toilet training process. And my second client Jake who is forty- five years old and is feeling unappreciated, Jake has recently purchased a corvette after driving a truck for the last twenty years. Ben is going through the Preoperational stage. During this time, children start using language to explore and understand their worlds (rather than relying primarily on sensory andRead MoreCOUN 502 Developmental Analysis Paper2771 Words à |à 12 Pages Developmental Analysis Paper Tianna N. 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I will aim to demonstrate a working knowledge of the theories, terminology, and concepts of human growth and development. I will show how these disciplines apply to my own life experiences and how I did throughout my key life events, through the use of empirical studies. Developmental Analysis Although I wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Akiko s Developmental Stages And Processes2426 Words à |à 10 Pageshad to work more just because she is Japanese. Mystery: Akiko demonstrates her intense emotion towards her colleague at work. Why did she behave that way and did not understand her mangerââ¬â¢s intervention? Research Question: What, in Akiko s developmental stages and processes, can help explain why she yelled at her colleague? And why her manager disliked her behavior? Stage: Adulthood Akiko is a single, thirty-three years old. She works in a New York Branch of a Japanese Bank. She also volunteersRead MoreHuman Resource Management : A Meta- Analysis On Strategies, Testing And, And Developmental Stages1655 Words à |à 7 Pages UMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT : A Meta- Analysis on Strategies, Testing and Developmental Stages in the Canadian Business Setting. Joanny Belgica Vautour and Jules Verc Chomsky Cornell University Abstract: In the recent years, studies which focus on the Canadian perspective in terms of strategies and redefining testing methods used in many businesses were still inadequate to provide a better understanding as well as solution towards thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-61419544971389516422019-12-08T17:34:00.001-08:002019-12-08T17:34:03.887-08:00Canadian Criminal Justice System Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Canadian Criminal Justice System. Answer: The Author has deeply emphasized the mental issues faced by the offenders in correctional homes in modern criminal justice system in Canada. A majority of reports in Canada comprises of violence which has propounded serious consequences in the lives and wellness of the Canadian people. According to the Author, the number of violent crimes reported in Canada is relatively high as compared to other Western countries. However, in the last few decades, attempts have been made in order to predict the level of violence within the framework of criminal justice system. In traditional criminal justice system, the prediction of criminal justice system has been accompanied by the study of psychopathic and unstructured clinical judgment. The Author has deeply focused on the situation that what actually happens between the police and the individuals suffering from mental illness during their first encounter. People suffering from mental issues are often encountered with the police officers. The intervention of police officers into the lives of the people suffering from mental health issues has proved to be beneficial in protecting their well being and safety. The Author highlighted the main issues that in spite of the advent of new techniques and programs, in order to improve the communication of the police with the people suffering from mental illness, effective evaluation in such field is limited. Since time immemorial, the objectives of these programs have been difficult to evaluate and measure. However, with the evolution of such effective programs, rates of arrest and injuries to the person suffering from mental illness has reduced considerably. The author has emphasized on various community-based services which are effective in serving as an alternative to incarceration for those suffering from mental illness. It can be observed that individuals suffering from health disorders are often involved in the system of criminal justice. These communities suffering from mental illness has been creating huge influence on the criminal justice system and the health care departments. In order to get access to the community based services, the population is likely to get detained in order to lead a productive life by saving costs. The Author has also examined different range of programs that has been effectively employed by the local government with the involvement of various communities related to health and criminal justice systems. However, these programs from the very beginning have proved to be beneficial in improving mental health issues of the community while savings the costs involved in the process. The Author in this regard has intended to provide the impact of various treatments upon the persons suffering from mental issues in detention along with the impact upon recidivism. It is a universally accepted phenomenon that individuals suffering from mental illness are often over-represented in the criminal justice system of Canada. It has been observed that in Canada, most of the individuals suffering from mental illness have been placed in prisons rather than psychiatric centers. The author provided a brief idea about the concept of recidivism in which former offenders are at the risk to get arrested for similar offence twice. The main points of the Article however deal with the interventions of the police department that has been designed in order to evaluate the challenges faced by the mentally ill offender communities. However, the police community has been regarded as one of the significant respondent in building contact with the offenders suffering from mental illness. In order to create positive impact on the offenders suffering from mental illness, various planning regarding the concept of pre-release planning and community responses have been created by the Canadian Criminal Justice System in order to provide assistance to the offenders coping up with the issues regarding mental health. In the conclusion the author stated that the issues regarding mental health problems are still not recognized under the Canadian Criminal Justice System. However, with the introduction of recent policies, the identification of mental health issues has taken new directions. With the evolution of the process of rehabilitation and de- institutionalism of people suffering from mental illness, there has been reduction in the number of correctional centers. This may increase the number of mentally unstable prisoners in Canada. With the advent of various policies which is focused on the diversion of mentally-unstable offenders into convenient mental health services. However, such policies have proved to be inconsistent and therefore new ways has been proposed in order to improve identification and diversion of issues related to such offenders. The author highlighted the existing situation of the Aboriginal people in Ontario for the purpose of Ipperwash Inquiry. In this regard, the Author was commissioned to examine the value of relationship between the Aboriginal people of Ontario and the criminal justice system. Since time immemorial, the Supreme Court of Canada has been referred to as the crisis in the Canadian Justice System. According to the Author, this is due to the reason that the condition of Aboriginal community has been clearly over represented in the criminal justice system of Canada. In the correctional centers of Ontario, the youths of Aboriginal origin are overrepresented at a higher rate than those of the Aboriginal adults. The Author identified the main issues and provided explanation of three significant factors- the cultural clash, impact of colonialism and socio-economic factors. The Author has intended to provide an explanation of the impact of over-policing. The concept of over-policing refers to the practice in which the police community targets individuals of different communities irrespective of racial backgrounds. The history of over-policing has a long impact on the Aboriginal people. The local governments of Canada have traditionally implemented the concept of over-policing on the Aboriginal community. Due to the practice of over-policing in Canadian justice system, it created distrust in the minds of the Aboriginal people against the police communities. According to the Author, in modern world, the Aboriginal people are also overrepresented as victims under the Criminal justice system. They are even under-policed. The government of Canada from the very beginning ignored the request of the Aboriginal people by rejecting their claims and grievances. In this regard, it has been observed that, the concept of over-policing has created significant impact on the attitude of the Aboriginal people towards the police. The Author has referred the concepts of over-policing and under-policing as two sides of a same coin. However, significant measures were taken by the government and courts of Canada in order to address the problems faced by the Aboriginal people. The programs initiated by the Canadian government have been funded by both the federal and provincial governments. It has been observed that, in spite of all the initiatives, the overrepresentation of the Aboriginal people over the concepts of over-policing and under-policing has not di minished in the last ten to fifteen years. The Author highlighted the belief that the Aboriginal people are considered to be less than equal. However, such belief is rarely enunciated as it had been influencing the relationship between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. In this regard, the Author has intended to provide an idea on cross-cultural awareness programs in order to break the stereotypes that are deeply rooted in the minds of the people. In order to challenge the stereotypes it is necessary to change the prevailing conditions that allow such stereotypes to stay in the society. It has been observed that over a certain period of time, the number of Aboriginal offenders increased in custody. However, the number of non-Aboriginal offenders decreased subsequently. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of offenders in the Canadian Justice System. The jail population has increased considerably. The Author emphasized on the part that since time immemorial, the Aboriginal overrepresentation has not been a significant part of the Canadian Criminal Justice System. The main points of the Article are associated with the identification of Aboriginal offenders that has been compiled regularly in order to provide admissions to the correctional centers and institutions, prisons and detention centers. In this regard, the Author provided a brief explanation regarding the issues faced by the Aboriginal people in such correctional institutions and prisons. The correctional officers often determine that whether a person is Aboriginal or not. The individuals are not directly enquired that whether they belong to the Aboriginal community or not because in spite of telling the truth they might not have been believed. Therefore, the prison inmates do not want themselves to be identified as Aboriginal. If they have been identified as Aboriginal while in jail custody, they may undergo harsh punishments. In the conclusion, the Author has focused on the overrepresentation of the Aboriginal people in Canada in context of the federal and western provinces. This is because the overrepresentation has been observed in the percentage of Aboriginal people in prisons and detention centers rather than the issue which is prevalent in Canada as a whole. It can be observed that most of the provincial inmates in Ontario are of Aboriginal origin and they occupy half of the jail population in Canada. However, the Author has commissioned to examine that the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people has significantly increased in Ontario as it is a home for a large number of Aboriginal people. References: Michalski, J. H. (2017). Mental health issues and the Canadian criminal justice system.Contemporary justice review,20(1), 2-15. Rudin, J. (2016). Aboriginal peoples and the criminal justice system. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-5023234597142771902019-12-01T05:16:00.001-08:002019-12-01T05:16:04.840-08:00Sexual Harassment and culture Table of Contents Introduction Sexual Harassment in Schools A cultural viewpoint on sexual harassment Sexual harassment and culture Empirical-based research Conclusions References Introduction The contemporary workplace has transformed a great deal compared to a few decades ago. Both diversity and multiculturalism are now more dominant than ever before as occasioned by the impact of globalization. As a result, employers can hardly disregard the cultural-based influences brought about by other workers at the place of work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment and culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, the understanding of sexual harassment can only be vivid when explored in terms of cross-cultural dimensions. Nonetheless, it is imperative to note that the characterization of sexual harassment might be complex since its actual meaning has not been adequately comprehended even within a sing le culture (Saguy, 2003). In retrospect, sexual harassment has been a subject of debate for ages especially when elements such as human resource management are brought on board. Furthermore, the debate is not merely concentrated at a local level, it is rather widespread. The attempt to give meaning to the concept of sexual harassment is further complicated by the fact that the environment that is multicultural in nature is also put into account. There is a lot of controversy surrounding this concept when ideas from myriad of cultures are all considered. For instance, the understanding of sexual harassment in one culture may be completely different from another one, or even complement each other. What might be a norm in one culture may be a taboo in another and vice versa. Better still; values that are cherished in one culture may totally be repugnant in another one. On the same note, the way an employer will respond to sexual harassment issues arising at workplace will be dictated b y cultural elements. Hence, the process of demonstrating the impacts of visualizing sexual harassment based on cultural ideals requires shrewd consideration of certain implicit factors. For example, both workers and managers should be educated on the relevance of cultural diversity. Besides, cultural psychology should be made use especially when handling court cases that are addressing disputes emanating from sexual harassment and finally, due consideration should be made on standards and policies that are being used on different personalities, bearing in mind their cultural values. This paper explores the intrigues of sexual harassment and cultural diversity and the debate surrounding the concept.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sexual Harassment in Schools Sexual harassment can also prevail in educational institutions. The amendment of the Hong Kongââ¬â¢s Sex Discrimination Ordin ance (SDO) law that was adopted on 3rd October 2008 witnessed the incorporation of educational settings as one of the areas where sexual harassment offense can take place (the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2009). According to the amendment, sexual harassment in educational institutions entails the creation of an antagonistic and threatening learning environment. The new law further specifies that the leadership of schools has the responsibility of making sure that students and the rest of the school community are co-exist in a school environment that is free of any form of sexual harassment. These guidelines have also been emphasized by the Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC) reiterating that schools should take pragmatic measures in providing a favourable atmosphere suitable for learning. According to the commission, this can be achieved by developing work contracts for employees as well as discipline code of conduct for students in written form. The sch ools should ensure that the stated rules and regulations are stated to the letter. Besides, all complaints arising from sexual harassment cases should be dealt with decisively by the school administration. A cultural viewpoint on sexual harassment As a business hub in the world, Hong Kong is an important centre for conducting international business. Most of the inhabitants of the country are people of Chinese origin. The tourist flow in and out of Hong Kong is relatively impressive throughout the twelve calendar months, qualifying the nation as an equal opportunity employer in Asia. In spite of the Chinese dominance, the cultural values and practices of Hong Kong people are distinct from the Chinese ones. The Hong Kong constitution and other by-laws are largely influenced affected by the legislation derived from its former colonizer, Britain as well as what is referred to as common law. The Sex Discrimination Ordinance (SDO) piece of legislation describes the sexual harassment law w ith respect to Hong Kong culture (Adler Towne, 2003). According to SDO, sexual harassment of whatever nature has been made a tort. Hence, whoever feels that he or she has been injured by a given act of sexual harassment is allowed to sue the offender.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment and culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Hong Kong law on sexual harassment is perhaps one of the perfect examples of legislations in the world that do not only embody cultural diversity, but also applies the existing laws to the latter. However, there are still open loopholes in the implementation of the sexual harassment Act since the judiciary has been reported several times to be lax and have not proved themselves to be tantamount to the uphill task of effecting the legislation to the latter (Luo, 1996). Worse still, this piece of legislation may not be putting into consideration other diverse cultures and how they perceive sexual harassment. The legislation seems to dwell so much on the sexual injustices meted on a female person by a male offender. It is however vital to note that modern day sexual harassment offences may originate from either gender contrary to the popular belief by most conventional literatures. The Hong Kong legislation also specifies that all acts of sexual harassment are illegal not just at workplace but also in other areas. This is good enough for the country since the harassment offence is broad and several categories through which the crime can be conducted have been addressed. Nonetheless, we are yet to find clauses within the legislation that offer relevance to culture. As mentioned earlier, the SDO Act has myriad of attributes as far as the protection of sexual dignity of individuals is concerned. Nevertheless, in spite of the far-reaching description of sexual harassment as contained in the document, the law fails to cover certain areas of interest. I t is imperative to note that SDO mainly concentrates on sexual harassment outcomes emanating only from specified areas such as employment or at workplace (Dank Refinetti, 1998). Hence, some areas where sexual harassment cases can arise are not catered for. This is a serious omission in view of the fact that even before the concept of sexual harassment could be visualised; it already existed in the fragile culture. Unfortunately, the society and governments in particular seem to contemplate sexual harassment only on the basis institutions, ignoring the grim reality that family units in well established marriages also encounter the ordeal though in varying degrees. Furthermore, women are wholly protected by SDO and not their counterpart males. Therefore, the Hong Kong legislation does not cover sexual harassment cases emanating from same sex. This may be quite tricky owing to the fact that same sex relationships have never been societal norms across the globe although such unique aff airs are increasingly taking shape in the contemporary society.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some cultures, it is definitely unacceptable to discuss same sex affairs. A mention of lesbianism or gay relationships is strictly a taboo and perhaps this is the reason why the SDO Act is not touching on it. Nonetheless, throwing a blind eye on same sex sexual harassment cases is not helpful either. The bare reality is that the society has undergone through a series of dynamic transformations and as a result, new and perhaps strange forms of sexual encounters are on board. Failure to address the need and concerns of same sex affairs is unwarranted since they too are part and parcel of the society. The third shortcoming of the Hong Kong legislation lies on the verity that the burden of proof that the plaintiff is supposed to shoulder is extremely heavy. According to the court, only an objective test is applied to ascertain the truth by the claimant on sexual harassment. This test is not straightforward and may complicate the process of seeking justice. There are multiple claims t hat have been thrown away due to the problematic nature of this test method (Kennedy Gorzalka, 2002). For instance, how can the courts rule out that a given complainant was highly responsive to physical touch and so that cannot account to sexual harassment? Or how do we justify that the claimant failed to resist sexual harassment? These are just some of the concerns on the weakness portrayed in the SDO Act that need to be amended if justice will finally be meted on the victims. It is unimaginable to see how the very judiciary entrusted with the onerous role of discharging justice failing with impunity to play their part. Moreover, judges presiding over sexual harassment cases under the SDO legislation may sometimes dismiss some of the complaints presented to them arguing that the female might have flaunted herself to an extent of being sexually harassed (Saguy, 2003). In some cases, the complainant is said to have reached a consensus at an earlier date with the wrongdoer and theref ore any allegation of sexual harassment may be ill directed. There are also instances when the courts will argue that the claimant delayed to report the incidence. All the aforementioned bases used by judges to ignore cases presented to them are serious loopholes in the Hong Kong legislation. It is quite ambiguous for the existing laws on sexual harassment to fail in terms of clarity. Sexual harassment and culture Although it may be quite cumbersome to undertake reforms in the anti sexual harassment laws or better still changing the deeply rooted attitude of offenders, there are quite a number of modalities that can be instituted in place to assist in the process of rightful interpretation and application of the law. The challenge of sexual harassment in relation to culture is enormous. In spite of this, the Asian countries and the world at large are yet to embark on a holistic perspective in resolving the challenge. It is not just enough to declare the illegality of sexual harassme nt; there are myriad of issues surrounding the offence and which require a thoughtful approach. In addition, decisions endorsed by the judiciary in regard to compensating the claimants are still not sufficient in curbing this growing societal challenge. Similarly, situations whereby complaints committees are formed to penalize offenders cannot curb this growing heinous act. The war against sexual harassment will only be won if all stakeholders are involved. We need the entire society, not just to participate but be proactive in shielding all the possible avenues of this demeaning practice (Lee, 2001). One likely explanation why the Hong Kong law on sexual harassment is not comprehensive in spite of its highly esteemed and elevated status is that the cultural view point and its significance on controlling the offence has not been factored in the current campaign against the act. We need the active and concerted effort from religious reformers, politicians and social scientists. The b road agenda should be to change the mindset of offenders rather than relying on the problematic legal process. However, this does not imply that the courts are done away with in this matter. The legislations enacted to curtail the activities of harassers should by far and large, considerate of the diverse cultures. The media is yet another powerful tool that can be used dispatch the right messages as part of changing the mentality of potential and upcoming offenders (Parish, Das Laumann, 2006). There is also the delicate balance in terms of gender equity and presentation in various commissions, equal opportunity commissions, committees that deal with complaints as well as the judiciary. No single country can adequately deal with incidents of sexual harassment without encompassing the effort from both genders. It is a common experience of males dominating most of these bodies formed to oversee sexual harassment. This is erroneous and it is also the likely point where the society div erted or lost track in the fight against sexual harassment. Women should equal players. The Sexual Harassment of Women Bill in India provides that the complaints committee dealing with sexual harassment should be headed by a female and 50% of its membership should also be made up of women (Berryman-Fink, 1997). This is a remarkable step that ensures comprehensiveness in incorporating culture and gender in solving the problem. The Hong case is also limited by the fact that the coverage of the legislation has a narrow scope in the sense that it addresses only a few situations the offence is perpetrated. It is worth noting that sexual harassment is multi-faceted and cannot be approached from a single viewpoint. Before the final verdict can be reached by the courts, thorough investigation using variety of tests is necessary. There are conspicuous uneasiness in proving an incidence of sexual harassment according to the current Hong Kong legislation. The theory that the courts are left to prove each case as objectively as possible is not welcome. This is in fact the major setback when following up cases related to sexual harassment. A better alternative to this fiasco will be to leave the claimant to shoulder the burden of proof just like other ordinary cases. The innocence of the wrongdoer should only be proved by the offender and not the courts. Further still, the Hong Kong courts do not award adequate damages to the complainant. This implies that the wrongdoer does not feel the pinching impacted of undergoing conviction and as a result, such light penalties may not deter the offender from committing the crime again. Unfortunately, the Hong Kong judges have never stuck to the letter on the direction given by anti sexual harassment legislation to advance exemplary damages. For example, much of what is awarded as damages in Hong Kong is not commensurate with the per capita income of the area which is quite high. A case look at United States reveals that when sexual harassment disputes are settled out of the court, an average sum of 300,000 US dollars is awarded to the victim. This is a lot fair and sincerely speaking, the economic culture of the region has been put into consideration before compensating the claimant. There are some other working environments that do not culturally make use of working contracts that encompass sexual harassment clause. This is due to either the ignorance of the fact that such harassment is not commonplace or employers and managers are pre-occupied with maximizing returns for their companies at the expense of employee welfare (Canary Spitzberg, 1987). Restraining sexual harassment at workplace will demand the institution of employment contracts that clearly stipulates terms and conditions of working. One of the most important elements of this agreement should be the termination of employment after due investigation of a sexual harassment case surrounding the concerned individual. Such a step will have deterrent effect on the wrongdoer. Victims who have undergone sexual harassment may develop psychological problems either at a personal or family level. Dealing with such an aftermath requires proper integration of culture. A near perfect way is the use of women organisations with counselling experts to offer guidance and counselling to the affected persons. Culturally, women are generally known to offer the best consolation compared to men. Indeed, when this natural ability is integrated with expertise knowledge, the process of recovery can really be hastened. The patriarchal norms of the society need to be reformed. There are certain standards that have run deep into the societal fabric. Unfortunately, some these norms and standards are not beneficial while they have been adopted as part and parcel of the acceptable culture. In order to uproot what is not desired, women groups are well placed to act proactively in derailing the misleading norms. In any case, there are countless instances of sexual harassment that are primarily caused by our own deteriorating norms. Women are also the best agents in championing the much needed change since they are also the group that is culturally susceptible to this form of abuse. Hence, all stakeholders involved the fight against the growing sexual harassment against women should understand that respecting, honouring and dignifying women is the highest duty. Both intensive and extensive investigations have been carried out on differences in gender in regard to sexual harassment as compared to cultural differences. Limited research studies have been conducted in this area in spite of the potential effect of culture on sexual harassment. At this juncture, it is paramount to distinguish between the component that deals with understanding culture and a hostile environment that has been subjected to an environment that is not conducive. Hence, the definition of a subjective standard for an environment that is considered hostile is necess ary. Before concluding on any particular judgment on sexual harassment it is imperative to bear in mind the cultural differences which may have influenced the wrongdoer in committing the offence. The explanation for this is simple and straightforward; the world today has become more globalised than before and the thought of hiring employees definitely brings in the issue of cultural diversity. In any one particular workplace, it is highly likely that employees will be made up of people from diverse backgrounds, subscribing unique values and standards. Therefore, diversity in culture is a phenomenon that managers and employers have to wrestle with from time to time. It is also interesting to note that all individuals have a strong personal appeal for their own original cultures. The very individuals who are also in working capacity can also identify quite well what is meant by a hostile working environment in as far as sexual abuse in concerned. Indeed, they can do this better than t heir fellow workers who are residents in a particular country simply due to the unfamiliar environment they are in. To this end, there are limited studies that only report on cases of sexual harassment that are not yet proved. This is a common feature of United States. Although we can take such studies seriously and use them for further valuation, it is still not adequate to rely on the data obtained from one country like US for a well thought out empirical study (Clair, 1993). Notwithstanding these evident weaknesses, both the existing data that is also readily available that attempt to compare various cultures within their original locations can be used as an eye opener in understanding how differences in culture and sexual harassment compare and contrast. There are countries that are patriarchal in nature whereby not many women are employed in occupations dominated by males. In such countries, conducting research study on sexual harassment is not accepted since it can endanger th e career of respondents (Lott, Reilly Howard, 2002). Even in the event that we have to generalize on some ideas due to lack of sufficient data, it is still not easy; the process is quite cumbersome. Empirical-based research Brazil, a South American country, is well endowed both politically and economically. By 1988, the country had already enshrined gender equality in its constitutional document. Another law enacted in 1991 illegalised all forms of sexual harassment (Adler Towne, 2003). It is interesting to learn that recent research surveys conducted in the North and South American college students revealed quite an astounding disparity. The cross-cultural research concluded that the Brazilian concept of sexual harassment is unique compared to North American definition in spite of the fact that no difference exist between the students in the north and south. From the study, it was evident that students originating from German, Australia and most countries in North America were hi ghly likely to link sexual harassment with discriminating against gender, abuse of power as well as other harmful societal practices. According to these students, the aforementioned factors are the likely causes of sexual harassment. On the contrary, college students from Brazil were highly likely to comprehend or link sexual harassment to demanding for sex without mutual consent from both partners or seeking romance from unwilling partner. There was nothing to do with power abuse or gender inequity at all in their perception. The study of sexual harassment cases is done in a different way in Europe compared to countries in South America. As a result, it becomes quite difficult to draw vivid comparisons. Nevertheless, there are noticeable similarities with those results obtained from US. Incidences in northern European countries are reported more than those in the south. This can be explained from the fact incidences of sexual harassment are more pronounced in the north than the sou th (Dodd, 1998). In spite of such brilliant reporting, the society should develop a culture of even reporting whether such cases are prevalent or not. By so doing, the immediate community will be adequately educated and be made aware of this societal ill-act. In the southern European countries, researchers have unanimously concluded that the tradition of the church as well as family values have been found to shape behavioural patterns of the society. Hence, the southernerââ¬â¢s culture is heavily shaped by the two factors. The case of Russia is rather unique. The laws of the country regarding sexual harassment are rather dormant and hardly enforced. In some cases, the legal process of apprehending offenders is not followed at all. Thus, a culture of ignorance has been cultivated for long leading to both poor reporting of the same as well as lack of concern and compensation for complainants. The Russian women have had to bear the brunt of this donââ¬â¢t-care attitude. Additiona lly, the Europeans tend to conceptualize sexual harassment in variety of ways even in those regions which average almost the same in terms of responding to the offence. The doctrines of ordered liberty and cultural defence In all the cases examined above, it is evident that variance in culture plays a significant role in either reporting or dealing with incidences of sexual harassment. In most researches carried out, communication breakdown has been cited as a serious loophole in an attempt to deal conclusively with this form of crime (Landy Conte, 2010). Further, the distortion of information by either the complainant or perpetrator of the crime is a major setback. These are also values that are socially and culturally derived. Policy makers and law enforcers alike should come to the understanding that in order to address the missing link in trying the perpetrators of sexual harassment, language which is part and parcel of culture is significant. For instance, an utterance in one language translated in another language might transform into a verbal sexual harassment and therefore influence the final outcome of the case. Different ethnic groups have their own way of understanding, interpreting or even evaluating verbal cues. An interesting example is that derived from the Malaysian community. This group perceive a touch on another personââ¬â¢s shoulder to be tantamount to sexual harassment. The same action might imply nothing close to harassment in other cultures such as the American society. This is the point where law enforcers handling multi-ethnic cases should not only be keen non cultural differences but also critically evaluate each sexual harassment incidence brought to them before giving their final verdict. Moreover, cultural sensitivity across the wide ethnic divide cannot be ignored. A case study of the Caucasian community reveals that commenting that someone appears sexy is sexual harassment. The spread of globalisation will occasion more sensi tivity in the manner in which multicultural issues such as sexual harassment are handled. There are myriad of socio-economic and political issues that must have been addressed with cultural perspective in mind. The swelling number of immigrants across the globe should indeed be a wakeup call for governments and in particular the legal fraternity to prepare in handling multi-cultural issues that are embedded from diverse backgrounds. In fact, the concept of sexual harassment is in itself facing cultural collision n different parts of the world especially when more than one ethnic group is entangled in the case. Both the civic tradition and con conventional legal practices should embrace change by putting into consideration the values and beliefs of other cultures (Limpaphayom, Williams Fadil, 2006). In any case, sexual harassment incidences as perceived by different cultures is fast becoming a global problem due to ignorance of the issue and in some cases static legal practices by t he judiciary which do not conform to the divergent cultures. A look at the American law reveals that there has been growing tension between the need to harmonise culture and tolerating other global cultures. However, a civilised society should always endeavour to accommodate opposing views and perhaps work harder to improve them instead of discarding them into pieces (Brase Miller, 2001). Instead, any other global society should apply the principle of ordered liberty. According to this principle, different cultures should be accommodated in what is generally referred to as cultural pluralism. However, this can only be effective if it is applied within the confines that can be endured by the majority. This does not imply that personal liberty cannot be applied. The main requirement should be such that whatever liberty is in force, it should not contravene social order, peaceful co-existence or conventions that the majority can tolerate with much ease (Neher, 1997). Although this doc trine appears appealing, it has been challenged by the left wing multiculturalists. According to the argument put forward by this group, each cultural group should pursue its own unique traditions, values and practices even if it does not fall within the boundaries of the majority. This may be quite erroneous bearing in mind that the will of the majority matters a lot. In fact, contemporary governments have been built successfully based on democratic force where the majority vote carries the day. How then should we dispute the glaring reality on the importance of unifying cultural values with sexual harassment in due regard of the majority? It is high time the left wingers changed their tact or better still, follow suit by embracing the doctrine of ordered liberty. The doctrine of cultural defence was in fact the creation of the left wingers. The latter should however propose the need of judging sexual harassment offenders according to their cultural backgrounds instead of the preva iling legislations. One major weakness assumption of the culture defence doctrine is that it is only sensitive to one culture thereby disregarding the interests of other ethnic groups. In line with this, there are some legal scholars who argue that the cultural situation of the defendant should be permitted as a mitigating element when judgment is being offered. This may sound appealing but there are underlying assumptions that should be keenly scrutinized (Itzen Newman, 2003). The cultural defence doctrine proposes that the cultural background of the offender can be used for purposes of defending a criminal offence on sexual harassment. However, rarely has it been applied as a defence mechanism in court hearings. The missing link remains to be lack of its application despite of the fact that both doctrines have been used multiple times when reporting cases related to sexual harassment. Well, it is quite vivid that there are some cultures that are more rigid than others and above a ll extremely sensitive on matters of sexuality. Worst of all, cases revolving around sexual harassment may never be given a ââ¬Ëconsiderateââ¬â¢ hearing, by perhaps applying the principle of ordered liberty (DeFrancisco Palczewski, 2007). In the event that there is a gross cultural difference between the complainant and the victim, it is appropriate to make referral to such cases to the country of origin of the wrongdoer. This is especially necessary if no consensus can be reached between the two parties out-of-court or the existing laws are strictly applied as outlined in the clauses. It is vital to reiterate the various challenges inherent in the application of cultural defence when resolving sexual harassment disputes in courts. Firstly, the purported wrongdoers from other countries do not receive fair share of the justice process since there is eminent disparity in the standards being used to discharge justice. Both the plaintiff and the defendant should be treated on a c ommon legal platform regardless of the cultural background (Berdahl, Magley Waldo, 1996). Secondly, the cultural defence doctrine is a healthy ground for breeding cultural stereotyping from minority groups. Rather than the doctrine solving the conflict, it widens the divide between or among different cultures living in one country (Chae, 2007). Consequently, the smaller cultural groups are adversely alienated. Third, the doctrine markedly fails to promote the women and childrenââ¬â¢s rights. This is owing to the reinforcement of patriarchal cultural norms that are repugnant or ignorant of the welfare of sensitive groups. Sincerely speaking, when women and children are removed from the societal equation, it will be a recipe for social stratification and disintegration. Why then should we depreciate their worth at the pretext of defending culture when handling incidences of sexual harassment? Fourth, the victims do not secure their rightful justice when the offender belongs to a d ifferent culture. This is even worse considering the fact that the victim cannot make any referral or appeal the case against the defendant from the same country. Furthermore, the deterrent value that is supposed to be attached to punishment is limited especially when cultural cues are incorporated as part and parcel of mitigating for the case at hand. As a consequence, the accused may not see the sense in the entire verdict of the presiding jury and is more likely to repeat the offence with impunity within a foreseeable future. Finally, the doctrine of cultural defence sometimes fail to acknowledge the grim reality that the justice system equally permits the integration of cultural background as a mitigating factor when delivering judgments and therefore the defendant still has the right to plead for reducing the judgment instead of receiving the full sentence. Notwithstanding these limitations of cultural defence, proponents of this doctrine persist that it is only the application of this principle that individualized justice and fair rule can be enhanced. They continue to debate that there is no other better way of advancing cultural pluralism apart from applying the doctrine to the letter. Besides, the advocates of this principle maintain that the mind of the wrongdoers when committing the alleged crime can be ascertained in a better way only through the doctrine of cultural defence. Although the proponents of this unfavourable doctrine are quite outspoken on why they support it, there are notable assumptions that might result in grievous consequences if they are not addressed. It is conspicuous that the doctrine of ordered liberty has no constrictions in its application. It has no need to be backed up with mountain of explanations on why it is acceptable. It is also a live example on how multicultural conflicts such as those arising from sexual harassment can be resolved in a fair and justified manner. Moreover, proponents of the doctrine of cultural defe nce should rise to the occasion and understand the fact that there is no higher duty than giving due respect to all the diverse cultures across the globe especially when handling disputes cutting across cultures. Yet again, the doctrine of ordered liberty can indeed support the viewpoint that the concept of sexual harassment can be elaborated and discussed along culturally acknowledged practices provided that the very application does not supersede the generally accepted norms of the society. Common knowledge per se cannot be adequate in quantifying sexual harassment cases. This is almost similar to the Hong Kong SDO legislation that employs certain objective tests in determining the validity of sexual harassment cases presented to the courts. Common knowledge is uniform or standard to all users and therefore its application might be significantly different. For this reason, the much desired greater accuracy cannot be obtained. Let us consider this scenario. It is common knowledge a nd general perception that those who are powerfully superior at workplace often instigate sexual harassment to their subordinate victims. In contrast, evidence-based research has conclusively established that a higher percentage of sexual harassment incidences are prevalent among peers or colleagues. Another observation has been empirically obtained notes that individuals who have never gone through sexual harassment in the past are highly likely to point an accusing finger to the purported victim. Unfortunately, common perception may not bring this on board, limiting the justice process further (Adler Towne, 2003). In yet another empirically researched report, the length of time a complainant will endure sexual advances before eventually filing a case is paramount. Common knowledge may not consider this as an important parameter when passing judgments on offenders, let alone the cultural background. Conclusions Sexual harassment and culture are two different concepts yet interlink ed and inseparable. The societal impacts brought about by the influence of globalisation cannot be overstated; it is all evident in our day to day lives. When we mention diversity, multiple cultural backgrounds also come into play. This form of harassment is mostly common at workplaces although the vice can permeate other domains in the society such as family set ups and institutions. Hence, employers and managers can no longer ignore the significance of cultural diversity when hiring workers. To this end, it worth to note that the concept of sexual harassment is quite complex especially when the process of seeking justice is encompassed. As clearly as it stands, sexual harassment is a criminal offence although culture is very instrumental in fully defining the concept. This implies that the derived meaning of the concept may be as diverse as the existing traditions and cultural values among different ethnic groups. Empirical-based research studies conducted on sexual harassment and culture from different locations in the world reveals it all. While touching the shoulder of a woman whom one is not intimately related with may be considered sexual harassment among some of the Caucasian ethnic groups, the very act may simply be interpreted as a way of seeking attention in the American society. Such variance in culture and perception indeed calls for the application of ordered liberty doctrine that attempts to address and account for cultural differences when passing judgments on wrongdoers. Needless to say, the doctrine of cultural defence is by far and large a bitter pill to swallow since it largely overlooks other cultures when delivering judgments and sentencing defenders. As globalisation continues to take its toll on our traditional systems and structures, we should equally be compatible with the changing times. Moreover, proponents of the latter doctrine should reconsider their stand and allow multi-cultural approach to incidences surrounding sexual harassm ent. References Adler, R. B. Towne, N. (2003). Looking out, looking in. 10th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomson. Berdahl, J. L., Magley, V. J., Waldo, C. R. (1996). The sexual harassment of men? Exploring the concept with theory and data. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20: 527-547. Berryman-Fink, C. (1997). Gender issues: Management style, mobility, and harassment. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Brase, G. L., Miller, R. L. (2001). Differences in the perception of and reasoning about quid pro quo sexual harassment. Psychology, Evolution Gender. 3 (3): 241-264. Canary, D. J., Spitzberg, B. H. (1987). Appropriateness and effectiveness perceptions of conflict strategies. Human Communication Research,14(93): 118. Chae, Y. K. (2007). Cross-Cultural Differences between Korean and America College Studentsââ¬â¢ Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in Conversational Appropriateness. Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_1?::::: Clair, R. P. (1993). The Use of framing devices to sequester organ izational narratives: Hegemony and sexual harassment. Communication Monographs, 60: 113-36. Dank, M.B. Refinetti, R. (1998). Sexual harassment and sexual consent. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. DeFrancisco, V. P., Palczewski, C. H. (2007). Communicating gender diversity: A critical approach. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Dodd, C. H. (1998). Dynamics of intercultural communication. 5th Edition. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. Itzen, C. Newman, J. (2003). Gender, Culture and Organizational Change: Putting Theory Into Practice. Oxon: Routledge. Kennedy, M. A., Gorzalka B. B. (2002). Asian and non-Asian attitudes toward rape, sexual harassment, and sexuality. Sex Roles, 46 (7/8): 227-238. Landy, J.F Conte, M.J. (2010). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. California: Wiley-Blackwell. Lee, J. H. (2001). Women workers under the double burden of unstable employment and gender discrimination. Working Women, 26 (10): 25-38. Limpaphay om, W. L., Williams, R. J., Fadil, P. A. (2006). Perceived differences in sexual harassment between business school students in the US and Thailand. Cross Cultural Management. An International Journal, 13(1): 3242. Lott, B., Reilly, M. E. Howard, D. R. (2002). Sexual assault and harassment: A campus community case study Signs. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 8: 296-319. Luo, T. Y. (1996). Sexual harassment in the Chinese workplace: Attitudes toward and experiences of sexual harassment among workers in Taiwan. Violence Against Women, 2 (3): 284-301 Neher, W. W. (1997). Framing and sexual harassment. Organizational communication: Challenges of change, diversity, and continuity. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Parish, W. L., Das, A., Laumann, E. O. (2006). Sexual harassment of women in Urban China. Arch Sex Behavior, 35: 411-425. Saguy, C.A. (2003). What is sexual harassment? From Capitol Hill to the Sorbonne, Los Angeles: University of California Press. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2009). Brief Outline of a school policy. Web. This essay on Sexual Harassment and culture was written and submitted by user Moises R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-66787552836683181652019-11-26T12:51:00.001-08:002019-11-26T12:51:04.458-08:00Forensics essaysForensics essays Forensic science is the study of finding, identifying and interpreting the clues and evidence that criminals leave behind at the crime scene. These clues are everything from tire marks in the dirt to an eyelash left on a carpet. Many people are involved in forensic science. Police, detectives, doctors and witnesses are required to investigate the crime. Many forms of scientific equipment are needed in the lab to examine the evidence. Without forensics many of our criminals would still be running free committing more crimes. Evidence is the key factor in solving a crime so as much evidence as possible should be collected. It must be collected with care as not to ruin what is left. Evidence can be anything from an eyelash to a pool of blood left at the crime scene. Detectives use many types of equipment to collect evidence. Before the detectives can rearrange the crime scene they must take photographs which will be developed at the lab later. Fingerprints are one of the most common types of evidence taken. To collect a fingerprint, detectives dust where they believe a fingerprint will be left, such as a doorhandle, they then place an adhesive sheet of plastic that will collect the fingerprint. These adhesive plastic sheets will also be used to collect fibres from a carpet and suspects clothing. The evidence that is collected at the crime scene is taken back to the lab to be tested. For that evidence to be tested the lab must have state of the art equipment. The most common used equipment is electron microscopes. These are used to magnify tiny evidence so that its cells, fibres or whatever is in the specimen can be seen up close so it can be compared with other evidence. A more complex machine used in the lab is a spectrometer. A spectrometer is used to determine what chemicals are present in the unknown substance. Sometimes the simplest things are used as equipment, such as lemon juice because of its acid and ... thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-6642209836834835502019-11-22T20:14:00.001-08:002019-11-22T20:14:04.953-08:00Ultraviolet Radiation - Definition of Science TermsUltraviolet Radiation - Definition of Science Terms Ultraviolet radiation is another name for ultraviolet light. It is a part of the spectrum outside the visible range, just beyond the visible violet portion. Ultraviolet Radiation Definition Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation or light having a wavelength greater than 100 nm but less than 400 nm. It is also known as UV radiation, ultraviolet light, or simply UV. Ultraviolet radiation has a wavelength longer than that of x-rays but shorter than that of visible light. Although ultraviolet light is energetic enough to break some chemical bonds, it is not (usually) considered a form of ionizing radiation. The energy absorbed by molecules can provide the activation energy to start chemical reactions and may cause some materials to fluoresce or phosphoresce. The word ultraviolet means beyond violet. Ultraviolet radiation was discovered by the German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1801. Ritter noticed invisible light beyond the violet portion of the visible spectrum darkened silver chloride treated paper more quickly than violet light. He called the invisible light oxidizing rays, referring to the chemical activity of the radiation. Most people used the phrase chemical rays until the end of the 19th century, when heat rays became known as infrared radiation and chemical rays became ultraviolet radiation. Sources of Ultraviolet Radiation About 10 percent of the light output of the Sun is UV radiation. When sunlight enters the Earths atmosphere, the light is about 50% infrared radiation, 40% visible light, and 10% ultraviolet radiation. However, the atmosphere blocks about 77% of solar UV light, mostly in shorter wavelengths. Light reaching the Earths surface is about 53% infrared, 44% visible, and 3% UV. Ultraviolet light is produced by black lights, mercury-vapor lamps, and tanning lamps. Any sufficiently hot body emits ultraviolet light (black-body radiation). Thus, stars hotter than the Sun emit more UV light. Categories of Ultraviolet Light Ultraviolet light is broken into several ranges, as described by ISO standard ISO-21348: Name Abbreviation Wavelength (nm) Photon Energy (eV) Other Names Ultraviolet A UVA 315-400 3.103.94 long-wave, black light (not absorbed by ozone) Ultraviolet B UVB 280-315 3.944.43 medium-wave (mostly absorbed by ozone) Ultraviolet C UVC 100-280 4.4312.4 short-wave (completely absorbed by ozone) Near ultraviolet NUV 300-400 3.104.13 visible to fish, insects, birds, some mammals Middle ultraviolet MUV 200-300 4.136.20 Far ultraviolet FUV 122-200 6.2012.4 Hydrogen Lyman-alpha H Lyman- 121-122 10.1610.25 spectral line of hydrogen at 121.6 nm; ionizing at shorter wavelengths Vacuum ultraviolet VUV 10-200 6.20124 absorbed by oxygen, yet 150-200 nm can travel through nitrogen Extreme ultraviolet EUV 10-121 10.25124 actually is ionizing radiation, although absorbed by the atmosphere Seeing UV Light Most people cannot see ultraviolet light, however, this is not necessarily because the human retina cant detect it. The lens of the eye filters UVB and higher frequencies, plus most people lack the color receptor to see the light. Children and young adults are more likely to perceive UV than older adults, but people missing a lens (aphakia) or who have had a lens replaced (as for cataract surgery) may see some UV wavelengths. People who can see UV report it as a blue-white or violet-white color. Insects, birds, and some mammals see near-UV light. Birds have true UV vision, as they have a fourth color receptor to perceive it. Reindeer are an example of a mammal that sees UV light. They use it to see polar bears against snow. Other mammals use ultraviolet to see urine trails to track prey. Ultraviolet Radiation and Evolution Enzymes used to repair DNA in mitosis and meiosis are believed to have developed from early repair enzymes that were designed to fix damage caused by ultraviolet light. Earlier in Earths history, prokaryotes could not survive on the Earths surface because exposure to UVB caused adjacent thymine base pair to bind together or form thymine dimers. This disruption was fatal to the cell because it shifted the reading frame used to replicate genetic material and produce proteins. Prokaryotes that escaped protective aquatic life developed enzymes to repair thymine dimers. Even though the ozone layer eventually formed, protecting cells from the worst of the solar ultraviolet radiation, these repair enzymes remain. Sources Bolton, James; Colton, Christine (2008). The Ultraviolet Disinfection Handbook. American Water Works Association. ISBN 978-1-58321-584-5.Hockberger, Philip E. (2002). A History of Ultraviolet Photobiology for Humans, Animals and Microorganisms. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 76 (6): 561ââ¬â569. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760561AHOUPF2.0.CO2Hunt, D. M.; Carvalho, L. S.; Cowing, J. A.; Davies, W. L. (2009). Evolution and spectral tuning of visual pigments in birds and mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1531): 2941ââ¬â2955. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0044 thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-82448184744532287032019-11-21T02:36:00.001-08:002019-11-21T02:36:07.202-08:00Midterm Assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsMidterm Assignment - Term Paper Example Others have talked of the rise of the erstwhile colonies and their need for increasing their rates of economic growth as reasons for which there would be a lot of competition in the world without there being any significant cases of violence or anarchy. The rise different sources of power in the world would therefore result in the twentieth century being one where there is violence but not of a significant enough magnitude. This means that there would be middle ground that exists throughout the twentieth century. The events that took place in the twentieth century would affect significantly the outcome of the events of the twenty first. For instance, the two world wars that led to the loss of millions of lives would affect the way in which the world views violence. The way the nations of the world would look at collective violence sanctioned by a group of nation states would be different in the twentieth century. This can be seen in the clout that the United Nations has in dealing with decisions in the twentieth century. Even though there are situations where its authority is flouted, the international community more often than not supports its decisions. The mandate of the United Nations is considered to be synonymous with the mandate of the international community. This mandate is more often than not, geared towards the maintenance of peace in the world. This shall lead to situations where it has to be in conflict with certain interests. This shall lead to friction which shall not however, escalate to a condition where the mandate of the international community can or shall be collectively violated. The chances of two fronts forming in the world in the way it was in the twentieth century is not likely. Robert Jackson refers to the impossibility of extreme anarchy or extreme peace in his book Classical and Modern Thought thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-41755268812625580092019-11-19T11:33:00.001-08:002019-11-19T11:33:03.118-08:00Computer Forensics in Biology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsComputer Forensics in Biology - Research Paper Example Application A structured investigation is carried out to sort out what exactly happened to the computer, when it happened, how it happened, and who did it. This is exactly like solving a murder case and performing postmortem. The operator does not know that the evident information is transparently being created and stored by the computerââ¬â¢s operating system, which can only be extracted through computer forensics software tools and techniques. The crimes include misuse of computer systems, attack on computer systems, using a computer system to work against another system, failure of a computer system, and the like. Though, internet identity theft has made people uncertain about shopping and selling online, checking their bank statements online, visiting auction websites, or entering into business contracts or transactions; however, computer forensics has played its part in helping law enforcement agencies in gathering digital evidence and identifying stolen identities as well as the criminals involved. Computer forensics security solutions focus not only on recovery but also on prevention of security threats in order to provide security solutions that are quicker and cheaper than the conventional techniques. These solutions include intrusion detection system (IDS), internet security system, biometric security system, net privacy system, firewall set-ups, network disaster security system, identity theft prevention system, identity management security system, and so on (Vacca 146). Basic Scientific Principles Involved It is important for computer forensic investigators to follow a structured approach to solving computer and internet-based identity theft cases. Computer crime involving ID theft can be grouped as physical security breaches, personnel security breaches, communications and data security breaches, and operations security breaches. A detailed investigation of the case requires that every security breach is analyzed independently to get a more syst ematic approach towards case solving. The digital examination of ID theft cases requires great expertise at the investigatorââ¬â¢s end. The evidence or data that is collected is the valuable asset and has to be dealt with sensitivity, as it will help in deciding the specifications of the crime. Digital data is so delicate that it can be altered with one mistaken tap on the keyboard or one inadvertent press of a key. The forensic investigator will have to use some offline techniques in addition to online techniques. Although offline techniques are not the responsibility of a forensic investigator, but of course, he can use them to help himself toward finding the evidential data. He will have to look for any counterfeit documents, fake checks and bogus bank statements in black and white, in addition to looking for digital evidence residing inside the fraudsterââ¬â¢s computer system.à thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-75539052400865559802019-11-17T00:04:00.001-08:002019-11-17T00:04:04.991-08:00Coffee and Tea Essay Example for Free Coffee and Tea Essay Coffee and tea have existed in the world for a long time. Hundreds of years ago, people who lived in South America started to produce coffee, but the earliest drink likes coffee was made by ancient Arabian. They thought it was a kind of medicine used for stomach. After the 15th century, coffee was spread to other countries such as Egypt and Ottoman Empire by Muslims who were back from Hajj, while in ancient China, Chinese people started to make tea about 3000 years ago. Because of nice environment and weather, the first part of tea plants was discovered in southwest China. After, drink tea became an important culture of Chinese people, and tea began to spread into countries near China. Coffee and tea are similar, but different in some specific area. First, coffee and tea are similar but different in population. People from all around the world like them. For example, British people used to drink a cup of tea with some snacks when they have a rest in the afternoon. Western people enjoy drinking black tea, and some of them mix it with milk to make milky tea. Likewise, most people like drinking coffee, for it often tastes good. In China, more and more people began to drink coffee, and some of whom want to taste better coffee like blue mountain coffee. However, although these two drinks are both popular around the world, coffee is still drunk most by western people, while the most quantity of tea is used in East Asia. People lived in China, Japan, and Korea regarded tea as the main drink. Second, coffee and tea are similar but different in function. Both coffee and tea can refresh people because there is a kind of chemical matter, which is caffeine in both of them. This chemical matter can be used for nerves to make a person feel awake and lively. Also, some experts said that black coffee and green tea can help a person lose weight. But, in contrast, tea has some more functions due to another kind of chemical matter which canââ¬â¢t be found in coffee. This chemical matter that named tea polyphenol whose ability is to relieve the effect that is made by poison. Finally, coffee and tea have similarity and difference in origination. Both of them are made from plants. Thousands of years ago, people lived in Africa planted coffee trees in succeed, and now, Brazil has the most coffee trees in the world. In south of China, there are a lot of terraced fields that grow tea trees. On the other hand, people use leaves from tea to make tea, while they use fruits from coffee plants to make coffee. To sum up, coffee and tea are similar in their population, function, and origination, while they are different of their use in different place, their different chemical matter, and their different material. I suggest that people should drink both coffee and tea so that they can be healthier. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105386313483330794.post-45059931019953484382019-11-14T12:35:00.001-08:002019-11-14T12:35:02.726-08:00Free Billy Budd Essays: Billy Budd as Christ :: Billy Budd Essays Billy Budd as Christ In this novel, Billy Budd, Melville acts as a "Creator", in that he gives Billy Budd certain superhuman qualities, which allows him to posses the traits of a servant of God. Billy Budd appears Christ-like, because of his peace-making abilities. Although, he is a peacemaker whom will fight for what he believes in and to keep peace. In the beginning of the novel, when Red Whiskers gives Billy Budd problems, he strikes him with a powerful blow and does not have any more problems with him or the crew again. Melville then foreshadows how Billy will use the same tactics the next time he runs into a bully like Red Whiskers. It seems ironic of the names of the ships as we go along in the story. Billy Budd goes from the Rights-of-Man to Bellipotent, it seems then he makes a change like a minister being ordained to a Bishop. Bellipotent signifies a good ship, in that belli- means kind, and -potent means strong and powerful. Melville seems to want his audience to think of the ships as Christ-like symbols also. As in another story, Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, a young man is too eager to meet his destiny. Billy Budd is not at the least hesitant, when Lieutenant Ratcliffe wants him for service to King George Ill. Billy Budd goes from a peaceful merchant ship, to a ship at war, full of guns and military discipline. Me lville is suggesting here that Billy will most like endure many problems and hardships entering this service. Billy Budd acts as the foretopman on this ship, which leads the audience to wonder is he doing it out of the grace of God, to make a change on the ship, or is he toying with fate. At the time this novel took place, wars were going on, which was later called the Great Mutiny (a time when sailors rebelled against their own). That explains most of the story Melville is attempting to display. Melville introduces Captain Vere as a dedicated officer who only permits obedience to duty and is very strict with discipline. The author has already foreshadowed many things for the audience. He lets us see how Billy is bound to run into a confrontation with at least one shipmate, and may possibly be accused of mutiny, since the thoughts are already on many officers' minds. thomasporter1970http://www.blogger.com/profile/12958493634945803533noreply@blogger.com0